You decide
By http://www.heresyhouse.com
The original pledge was written in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy, a Baptist minister, and first cousin of Edward Bellamy, author of the American socialist utopian novels, Looking Backward and Equality. Francis was a Christian Socialist. He was also deeply affected by his literary cousin's philosophies The Pledge was published in the September 8th issue of "The Youth's Companion", the leading family magazine of its day
By the author
The original pledge was written in 1892 by a Baptist socialist minister, Francis Bellamy, and was first published in a magazine called the Youth's Companion