[PleaseReadBeforeJudging] Why Only Catholicism Can Make Protestantism Work: Bouyer on Reformation

Catholic Dossier/ CERC ^ | MARK BRUMLEY

[Brian Kopp DPM]

Why Only Catholicism Can Make Protestantism Work: Louis Bouyer on the Reformation    MARK BRUMLEY

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ABSTRACT: Louis Bouyer contends that the only way to safeguard the positive principles of the Reformation is through the Catholic Church. For only in the Catholic Church are the positive principles the Reformation affirmed found without the negative elements the Reformers mistakenly affixed to them.

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Martin Luther

Interpreting the Reformation is complicated business. But like many complicated things, it can be simplified sufficiently well that even non-experts can get the gist of it. Here's what seems a fairly accurate but simplified summary of the issue: The break between Catholics and Protestants was either a tragic necessity (to use Jaroslav Pelikan's expression) or it was tragic because unnecessary.

Many Protestants see the Catholic/Protestant split as a tragic necessity, although the staunchly anti-Catholic kind of Protestant often sees nothing tragic about it. Or if he does, the tragedy is that there ever was such a thing as the Roman Catholic Church that the Reformers had to separate from. His motto is "Come out from among them" and five centuries of Christian disunity has done nothing to cool his anti-Roman fervor.

Yet for most Protestants, even for most conservative Protestants, this is not so. They believe God "raised up" Luther and the other Reformers to restore the Gospel in its purity. They regret that this required a break with Roman Catholics (hence the tragedy) but fidelity to Christ, on their view, demanded it (hence the necessity).

Catholics agree with their more agreeable Protestant brethren that the sixteenth century division among Christians was tragic. But most Catholics who think about it also see it as unnecessary. At least unnecessary in the sense that what Catholics might regard as genuine issues raised by the Reformers could, on the Catholic view, have been addressed without the tragedy of dividing Christendom.

Yet we can go further than decrying the Reformation as unnecessary. In his ground-breaking work, The Spirit and Forms of Protestantism, Louis Bouyer argued that the Catholic Church herself is necessary for the full flowering of the Reformation principles. In other words, you need Catholicism to make Protestantism work - for Protestantism's principles fully to develop. Thus, the Reformation was not only unnecessary; it was impossible. What the Reformers sought, argues Bouyer, could not be achieved without the Catholic Church.

From Bouyer's conclusion we can infer at least two things. First, Protestantism can't be all wrong, otherwise how could the Catholic Church bring about the "full flowering of the principles of the Reformation"? Second, left to itself, Protestantism will go astray and be untrue to some of its central principles. It's these two points, as Bouyer articulates them, I would like to consider here. One thing should be said up-front: although a convert from French Protestantism, Bouyer is no anti-Protestant polemicist. His Spirit and Forms of Protestantism was written a half-century ago, a decade before Vatican II's decree on ecumenism, Unitatis Redintegratio, yet it avoids the bitter anti-Protestantism that sometimes afflicted pre-conciliar Catholic works on Protestantism. That's one reason the book remains useful, even after decades of post-conciliar ecumenism.

In that regard, Bouyer's brief introduction is worth quoting in full:

This book is a personal witness, a plain account of the way in which a Protestant came to feel himself obliged in conscience to give his adherence to the Catholic Church. No sentiment of revulsion turned him from the religion fostered in him by a Protestant upbringing followed by several years in the ministry. The fact is, he has never rejected it. It was his desire to explore its depths, its full scope, that led him, step by step, to a genuinely spiritual movement stemming from the teachings of the Gospel, and Protestantism as an institution, or rather complexus of institutions, hostile to one another as well as to the Catholic Church. The study of this conflict brought him to detect the fatal error which drove the spiritual movement of Protestantism out of the one Church. He saw the necessity of returning to that Church, not in order to reject any of the positive Christian elements of his religious life, but to enable them, at last, to develop without hindrance.

The writer, who carved out his way step by step, or rather, saw it opening before his eyes, hopes now to help along those who are still where he started. In addition, he would like to show those he has rejoined how a little more understanding of the others, above all a greater fidelity to their own gift, could help their 'separated brethren' to receive it in their turn. In this hope he offers his book to all who wish to be faithful to the truth, first, to the Word of God, but also to the truth of men as they are, not as our prejudices and habits impel us to see them.

Bouyer, then, addresses both Protestants and Catholics. To the Protestants, he says, in effect, "It is fidelity to our Protestant principles, properly understood, that has led me into the Catholic Church." To the Catholics, he says, "Protestantism isn't as antithetical to the Catholic Faith as you suppose. It has positive principles, as well as negative ones. Its positive principles, properly understood, belong to the Catholic Tradition, which we Catholics can see if we approach Protestantism with a bit of understanding and openness."

The Reformation was Right

Bouyer's argument is that the Reformation's main principle was essentially Catholic: "Luther's basic intuition, on which Protestantism continuously draws for its abiding vitality, so far from being hard to reconcile with Catholic tradition, or inconsistent with the teaching of the Apostles, was a return to the clearest elements of their teaching, and in the most direct line of that tradition."

1. Sola Gratia. What was the Reformation's main principle? Not, as many Catholics and even some Protestants think, "private judgment" in religion. According to Bouyer, "the true fundamental principle of Protestantism is the gratuitousness of salvation" - sola gratia. He writes, "In the view of Luther, as well as of all those faithful to his essential teaching, man without grace can, strictly speaking, do nothing of the slightest value for salvation. He can neither dispose himself for it, nor work for it in any independent fashion. Even his acceptance of grace is the work of grace. To Luther and his authentic followers, justifying faith . . . is quite certainly, the first and most fundamental grace."

Bouyer then shows how, contrary to what many Protestants and some Catholics think, salvation sola gratia is also Catholic teaching. He underscores the point to any Catholics who might think otherwise:

"If, then, any Catholic - and there would seem to be many such these days - whose first impulse is to reject the idea that man, without grace, can do nothing towards his salvation, that he cannot even accept the grace offered except by a previous grace, that the very faith which acknowledges the need of grace is a purely gratuitous gift, he would do well to attend closely to the texts we are about to quote."

In other words, "Listen up, Catholics!"

Bouyer quotes, at length, from the Second Council of Orange (529), the teaching of which was confirmed by Pope Boniface II as de fide or part of the Church's faith. The Council asserted that salvation is the work of God's grace and that even the beginning of faith or the consent to saving grace is itself the result of grace. By our natural powers, we can neither think as we ought nor choose any good pertaining to salvation. We can only do so by the illumination and impulse of the Holy Spirit.

Nor is it merely that man is limited in doing good. The Council affirmed that, as a result of the Fall, man is inclined to will evil. His freedom is gravely impaired and can only be repaired by God's grace. Following a number of biblical quotations, the Council states, "[W]e are obliged, in the mercy of God, to preach and believe that, through sin of the first man, the free will is so weakened and warped, that no one thereafter can either love God as he ought, or believe in God, or do good for the sake of God, unless moved, previously, by the grace of the divine mercy . . . . Our salvation requires that we assert and believe that, in every good work we do, it is not we who have the initiative, aided, subsequently, by the mercy of God, but that he begins by inspiring faith and love towards him, without any prior merit of ours."

The Council of Trent, writes Bouyer, repeated that teaching, ruling out "a parallel action on the part of God and man, a sort of 'synergism', where man contributes, in the work of salvation, something, however slight, independent of grace." Even where Trent insists that man is not saved passively, notes Bouyer, it doesn't assert some independent, human contribution to salvation. Man freely cooperates in salvation, but his free cooperation is itself the result of grace. Precisely how this is so is mysterious, and the Church has not settled on a particular theological explanation. But that it is so, insist Bouyer, is Catholic teaching. Thus, concludes Bouyer, "the Catholic not only may, but must in virtue of his own faith, give a full and unreserved adherence to the sola gratia, understood in the positive sense we have seen upheld by Protestants."

2. Sola Fide. So much for sola gratia. But what about the other half of the Reformation principle regarding salvation, the claim that justification by grace comes through faith alone (sola fide) ?

According to Bouyer, the main thrust of the doctrine of sola fide was to affirm that justification was wholly the work of God and to deny any positive human contribution apart from grace. Faith was understood as man's grace-enabled, grace-inspired, grace-completed response to God's saving initiative in Jesus Christ. What the Reformation initially sought to affirm, says Bouyer, was that such a response is purely God's gift to man, with man contributing nothing of his own to receive salvation.

In other words, it isn't as if God does his part and man cooperates by doing his part, even if that part is minuscule. The Reformation insisted that God does his part, which includes enabling and moving man to receive salvation in Christ. Man's "part" is to believe, properly understood, but faith too is the work of God, so man contributes nothing positively of his own. As Bouyer points out, this central concern of the Reformation also happened to be defined Catholic teaching, reaffirmed by the Council of Trent.

In a sense, the Reformation debate was over the nature of saving faith, not over whether faith saves. St. Thomas Aquinas, following St. Augustine and the patristic understanding of faith and salvation, said that saving faith was faith "formed by charity." In other words, saving faith involves at least the beginnings of the love of God. In this way, Catholics could speak of "justification by grace alone, through faith alone," if the "alone" was meant to distinguish the gift of God (faith) from any purely human contribution apart from grace; but not if "alone" was meant to offset faith from grace-enabled, grace-inspired, grace-accomplished love of God or charity.

For Catholic theologians of the time, the term "faith" was generally used in the highly refined sense of the gracious work of God in us by which we assent to God's Word on the authority of God who reveals. In this sense, faith is distinct from entrusting oneself to God in hope and love, though obviously faith is, in a way, naturally ordered to doing so: God gives man faith so that man can entrust himself to God in hope and love. But faith, understood as mere assent (albeit graced assent), is only the beginning of salvation. It needs to be "informed" or completed by charity, also the work of grace.

Luther and his followers, though, rejected the Catholic view that "saving faith" was "faith formed by charity" and therefore not "faith alone", where "faith" is understood as mere assent to God's Word, apart from trust and love. In large part, this was due to a misunderstanding by Luther. "We must not be misled on this point," writes Bouyer, "by Luther's later assertions opposed to the fides caritate formata [faith informed by charity]. His object in disowning this formula was to reject the idea that faith justified man only if there were added to it a love proceeding from a natural disposition, not coming as a gift of God, the whole being the gift of God." Yet Luther's view of faith, contents Bouyer, seems to imply an element of love, at least in the sense of a total self-commitment to God. And, of course, this love must be both the response to God's loving initiative and the effect of that initiative by which man is enabled and moved to respond. But once again, this is Catholic doctrine, for the charity that "informs" faith so that it becomes saving faith is not a natural disposition, but is as much the work of God as the assent of faith.

Thus, Bouyer's point is that the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) was initially seen by the Reformers as a way of upholding justification by grace alone (sola gratia), which is also a fundamental Catholic truth. Only later, as a result of controversy, did the Reformers insist on identifying justification by faith alone with a negative principle that denied any form of cooperation, even grace-enabled cooperation.

3. Sola Scriptura. Melanchthon, the colleague of Luther, called justification sola gratia, sola fide the "Material Principle" of the Reformation. But there was also the Formal Principle, the doctrine of sola Scriptura or what Bouyer calls the sovereign authority of Scripture. What of that?

Here, too, says Bouyer, the Reformation's core positive principle is correct. The Word of God, rather than a human word, must govern the life of the Christian and of the Church. And the Word of God is found in a unique and supreme form in the Bible, the inspired Word of God. The inspiration of the Bible means that God is the primary author of Scripture. Since we can say that about no other writing or formal expression of the Church's Faith, not even conciliar or papal definitions of faith, the Bible alone is the Word of God in this sense and therefore it possesses a unique authority.

Yet the supremacy of the Bible does not imply an opposition between it and the authority of the Church or Tradition, as certain negative principles adopted by the Reformers implied. Furthermore, the biblical spirituality of Protestantism, properly understood, is in keeping with the best traditions of Catholic spirituality, especially those of the Fathers and the great medieval theologians. Through Scripture, God speaks to us today, offering a living Word to guide our lives in Christ.

Thus, writes Bouyer, "the supreme authority of Scripture, taken in its positive sense, as gradually drawn out and systematized by Protestants themselves, far from setting the Church and Protestantism in opposition, should be the best possible warrant for their return to understanding and unity."

The Reformation was Wrong

Where does this leave us? If the Reformation was right about sola gratia and sola Scriptura, its two key principles, how was it wrong? Bouyer holds that only the positive elements of these Reformation principles are correct.

Unfortunately, these principles were unnecessarily linked by the Reformers to certain negative elements, which the Catholic Church had to reject. Here we consider two of those elements: 1) the doctrine of extrinsic justification and the nature of justifying faith and 2) the authority of the Bible.

1. Extrinsic Justification. Regarding justification by grace alone, it was the doctrine of extrinsic justification and the rejection of the Catholic view of faith formed by charity as "saving faith." Bouyer writes, "The further Luther advanced in his conflict with other theologians, then with Rome, then with the whole of contemporary Catholicism and finally with the Catholicism of every age, the more closely we see him identifying affirmation about sola gratia with a particular theory, known as extrinsic justification."

Extrinsic justification is the idea that justification occurs outside of man, rather than within him. Catholicism, as we have seen, holds that justification is by grace alone. In that sense, it originates outside of man, with God's grace. But, according to Catholic teaching, God justifies man by effecting a change within him, by making him just or righteous, not merely by saying he is just or righteous or treating him as if he were. Justification imparts the righteousness of Christ to man, transforming him by grace into a child of God.

The Reformation view was different. The Reformers, like the Catholic Church, insisted that justification is by grace and therefore originates outside of man, with God. But they also insisted that when God justifies man, man is not changed but merely declared just or righteous. God treats man as if he were just or righteous, imputing to man the righteousness of Christ, rather than imparting it to him.

The Reformers held this view for two reasons. First, because they came to think it necessary in order to uphold the gratuitousness of justification. Second, because they thought the Bible taught it. On both points, argues Bouyer, the Reformers were mistaken. There is neither a logical nor a biblical reason why God cannot effect a change in man without undercutting justification by grace alone. Whatever righteousness comes to be in man as a result of justification is a gift, as much any other gift God bestows on man. Nor does the Bible's treatment of "imputed" righteousness imply that justification is not imparted. On these points, the Reformers were simply wrong:

"Without the least doubt, grace, for St. Paul, however freely given, involves what he calls 'the new creation', the appearance in us of a 'new man', created in justice and holiness. So far from suppressing the efforts of man, or making them a matter of indifference, or at least irrelevant to salvation, he himself tells us to 'work out your salvation with fear and trembling', at the very moment when he affirms that '. . . knowing that it is God who works in you both to will and to accomplish.' These two expressions say better than any other that all is grace in our salvation, but at the same time grace is not opposed to human acts and endeavor in order to attain salvation, but arouses them and exacts their performance."

Calvin, notes Bouyer, tried to circumvent the biblical problems of the extrinsic justification theory by positing a systematic distinction between justification, which puts us in right relation to God but which, on the Protestant view, doesn't involve a change in man; and sanctification, which transforms us. Yet, argues Bouyer, this systematic distinction isn't biblical. In the Bible, justification and sanctification - as many modern Protestant exegetes admit - are two different terms for the same process. Both occur by grace through faith and both involve a faith "informed by charity" or completed by love. As Bouyer contends, faith in the Pauline sense, "supposes the total abandonment of man to the gift of God" - which amounts to love of God. He argues that it is absurd to think that the man justified by faith, who calls God "Abba, Father," doesn't love God or doesn't have to love him in order to be justified.

2. Sola Scriptura vs. Church and Tradition. Bouyer also sees a negative principle that the Reformation unnecessarily associated with sola Scriptura or the sovereignty of the Bible. Yes, the Bible alone is the Word of God in the sense that only the Bible is divinely inspired. And yes the Bible's authority is supreme in the sense that neither the Church nor the Church's Tradition "trumps" Scripture. But that doesn't mean that the Word of God in an authoritative form is found only in the Bible, for the Word of God can be communicated in a non-inspired, yet authoritative form as well. Nor does it mean that there can be no authoritative interpreter of the Bible (the Magisterium) or authoritative interpretation of biblical doctrine (Tradition). Repudiation of the Church's authority and Tradition simply doesn't follow from the premise of Scripture's supremacy as the inspired Word of God. Furthermore, the Tradition and authority of the Church are required to determine the canon of the Bible.

Luther and Calvin did not follow the Radical Reformation in rejecting any role for Church authority or Tradition altogether. But they radically truncated such a role. Furthermore, they provided no means by which the Church, as a community of believers, could determine when the Bible was being authentically interpreted or who within the community had the right to make such a determination for the community. In this way, they ultimately undercut the supremacy of the Bible, for they provided no means by which the supreme authority of the Bible could, in fact, be exercised in the Church as a whole. The Bible's authority extended only so far as the individual believer's interpretation of it allowed.

The Catholic Church and Reformation Principles

As we have seen, Bouyer argues for the Reformation's "positive principles" and against its "negative principles." But how did what was right from one point of view in the Reformation go so wrong from another point of view? Bouyer argues that the under the influence of decadent scholasticism, mainly Nominalism, the Reformers unnecessarily inserted the negative elements into their ideas along with the positive principles. "Brought up on these lines of thought, identified with them so closely they could not see beyond them," he writes, "the Reformers could only systematize their very valuable insights in a vitiated framework."

The irony is profound. The Reformation sought to recover "genuine Christianity" by hacking through what it regarded as the vast overgrowth of medieval theology. Yet to do so, the Reformers wielded swords forged in the fires of the worst of medieval theology - the decadent scholasticism of Nominalism.

The negative principles of the Reformation necessarily led the Catholic Church to reject the movement - though not, in fact, its fundamental positive principles, which were essentially Catholic. Eventually, argues Bouyer, through a complex historical process, these negative elements ate away at the positive principles as well. The result was liberal Protestantism, which wound up affirming the very things Protestantism set out to deny (man's ability to save himself) and denying things Protestantism began by affirming (sola gratia).

Bouyer contends that the only way to safeguard the positive principles of the Reformation is through the Catholic Church. For only in the Catholic Church are the positive principles the Reformation affirmed found without the negative elements the Reformers mistakenly affixed to them. But how to bring this about?

Bouyer says that both Protestants and Catholics have responsibilities here. Protestants must investigate their roots and consider whether the negative elements of the Reformation, such as extrinsic justification and the rejection of a definitive Church teaching authority and Tradition, are necessary to uphold the positive principles of sola gratia and the supremacy of Scripture. If not, then how is continued separation from the Catholic Church justified? Furthermore, if, as Bouyer contends, the negative elements of the Reformation were drawn from a decadent theology and philosophy of the Middle Ages and not Christian antiquity, then it is the Catholic Church that has upheld the true faith and has maintained a balance regarding the positive principles of the Reformation that Protestantism lacks. In this way, the Catholic Church is needed for Protestantism to live up to its own positive principles.

Catholics have responsibilities as well. One major responsibility is to be sure they have fully embraced their own Church's teaching on the gratuitousness of salvation and the supremacy of the Bible. As Bouyer writes, "Catholics are in fact too prone to forget that, if the Church bears within herself, and cannot ever lose, the fullness of Gospel truth, its members, at any given time and place, are always in need of a renewed effort to apprehend this truth really and not just, as Newman would say, 'notionally'." "To Catholics, lukewarm and unaware of their responsibilities," he adds, the Reformation, properly understood, "recalls the existence of many of their own treasures which they overlook."

Only if Catholics are fully Catholic - which includes fully embracing the positive principles of the Reformation that Bouyer insists are essentially Catholic - can they "legitimately aspire to show and prepare their separated brethren the way to a return which would be for them not a denial but a fulfillment."

Today, as in the sixteenth century, the burden rests with us Catholics. We must live, by God's abundant grace, up to our high calling in Christ Jesus. And in this way, show our Protestant brethren that their own positive principles are properly expressed only in the Catholic Church.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Mark Brumley. "Why Only Catholicism Can Make Protestantism Work: Louis Bouyer on the Reformation." Catholic Dossier 7 no. 5 (September-October 2001): 30-35.

This article is reprinted with permission from Catholic Dossier. To subscribe to Catholic Dossier call 1-800-651-1531.

THE AUTHOR

Mark Brumley is managing editor of Catholic Dossier. A convert from Evangelical Protestantism, he was greatly influenced by Bouyer's book The Spirit and Forms of Protestantism, when he first read it over twenty years ago. Recently, Scepter Books has republished The Spirit and Forms of Protestantism, which can be obtained online at www.scepterpub.org or by calling 1-800-322-8773.

Copyright © 2001 Catholic Dossier

[Askel5]

Indeed ... Christianity -- the New Covenant -- would be absolutely incoherent without the Old Covenant. The Jews were God's chosen people ... can you imagine a more intimate and profound honor than birthing the Christ?

This was brought home to me a couple weeks ago in RCIA when I was using "why have you forsaken me" as a moment of Christ's profoundly human suffering.

One of the catechists caught me up short by explaining -- as any faithful Jew could or any bibliolator Protestant would -- that Christ actually was quoting the beginning of Psalm 22. I'd never realized that. Reading it, I was blown away.

Regards.

[George W. Bush]

But I do not need lectured on excommunication by GWB.

No, you just needed to acknowledge that not your hands aren't really tied by public opinion or that such action is forbidden by Rome. The bigger problem is liberal American bishops if you're really serious. They need to hear from Archbishop Curtiss of Omaha about It Is Not A Liberal Cause To Support Abortion: It Is Anti-Life And Anti-Church. It basically demonstrates that no Christian can possibly vote Democrat. Excellent reading regardless of whether you love or hate Luther.

The article source is Defenders Of The Magisterium. I kind of suspect you already know who they are, proud2bRC.

[Ragtime Cowgirl]

Thank you for posting the info on the Council of Trent. My ancestors, like many Americans', were made up of Jewish, Catholic, Methodist, and Presbyterian faithful. I was taught in Presbyterian Sunday school that Martin Luther protested the Catholic church of his day after a trip to Rome, witnessing his fellow countrymen paying heavy tithes to a church so far away and especially offering remission of sin for $$$.

I always believed that Christians of every sect had more in common than most anyone else inhabiting this world as long as they read the Bible and prayed, followed God's word. The Baptists I've listened to lately seem to follow the Bible most closely, but I admire all practicing Christians and think the phrase "Catholic-bashing" is not helpful. Christians across the world are persecuted (as well as Jews, of course), but the Pope is very respected in our culture and every news outlet covers the Pope's message on holidays, etc., while most evangelic preachers are the fair game of the PC crowd. It's not right.

Personally, I wish the early church has chosen a harp instead of the pipe organ, a harsh, discordant instrument for praising the Lord, IMHO.(^:

[George W. Bush]

...bibliolator Protestant...

This very concept is so alien to protestantism that I can hardly comment. Apparently, the idea is to be too obedient to the Word of God to obey the pope. If so, we confess to the crime. No need to call the Spanish Inquisition on us.

Did your catechist really use the words "bibliolator Protestant"?

[Brian Kopp DPM]

Oh, shoot. They pulled OP's post! (Who hit the abuse button? That was a good object lesson in anti-Catholicism!) I really was hoping it would stay up. It fits so well with my post #249. That kinda stuff just drives 'em home to Rome in droves!

bummer, george. My best apologetics tool, and someone pulled it!

Oh well, I wasn't calling in the posse, I was just sneaking out the back door, hoping someone else could get a laugh out of OP's post too...I've devoted too much time to FR the last 4 days, I gotta sleep, and I have a press release to write for a new medical journal article proving the morning after pill is abortifacient...

[George W. Bush]

I have a press release to write for a new medical journal article proving the morning after pill is abortifacient...

You write articles for medical people of low intelligence? I thought everyone knew that already. Well, good luck. You might even make a few of 'em think twice about reverence for life.

[Brian Kopp DPM]

Oh, now I understand: OrthodoxPresby, formerly Uriel1975

guess he is on a shorter leash here than most Freepers...

[CCWoody]

Oh, shoot. They pulled OP's post! (Who hit the abuse button? That was a good object lesson in anti-Catholicism!) I really was hoping it would stay up. It fits so well with my post #249. That kinda stuff just drives 'em home to Rome in droves!

Oh, well, you do have my post #446...

[OrthodoxPresbyterian]

Oh, now I understand: OrthodoxPresby, formerly Uriel1975 guess he is on a shorter leash here than most Freepers... 467 posted on 1/7/02 3:26 PM Pacific by proud2bRC

No. No need to insinuate slurs against me; if you want to know my posting history, just ask.

My name change was self-chosen. "Uriel1975" is still a valid and active screen name, just not one I presently use. However, I decided to include the "formerly Uriel1975" notation at the request of FReepers who regularly follow my Theonomy articles. I have never been under any form of FR discipline, and while I don't generally go looking for threads on which to post the history of Roman atrocities, I suspect the moderators understand that in response to a poster who is essentially blaming the abortion holocaust on protestantism, there's some legitimacy to pointing out the holocausts that Rome herself has underwritten.

That specific post was a little over-the-top for the Moderator's comfort, I suppose, but I am not likely to get banned outright merely for responding harshly to such a vituperous accusation on your part.

[George W. Bush]

That kinda stuff just drives 'em home to Rome in droves!

Not a better reminder though than my own picture gallery dealing with the Croatian holocaust of 1.2 million Orthodox Serbs during WW II. The church burnings and forced baptisms and conversions have a historically familiar pattern after all. And the pictures are a little more compelling than O.P.'s old artpiece. It's only been sixty years and there is a lot of evidence available from the war-crimes commission established after the war.

We Protestants aren't exactly afraid of a discussion on who murdered who.

[the_doc]

No, it's not just the Pope's claims. But so what? We have modern methods which obviate the especially unseemly practice of onanism.

Besides, you still haven't proven that your Church isn't apostate--which is the historic Protestant position, of course. That is an astonishingly serious charge. Your position on birth control is nothing compared to the bigger picture.

[RnMomof7]

I am knee deep in taking down the Christmas decorations!

Our "Little Christmas" Tradition too....usually wait till the 7th as we used to leave the tree up for our two Jan. 7th birthdays..no more kids home so yesterday.....Pack them well or next year you will be sorry:>)

[JMJ333]

LOL...a 55 gallon drum of legos??? Oh...the horror! My son, no doubt, would be delighted.

I like the comment about the fishstick behind the couch all summer too..hehe

Thanks. =)

[RnMomof7]

Before you get high and almighty with me, you should get your facts straight. The original "nasty piece of sh*t" comment was aimed at someone who earlier on in this thread was just that. Some of you proddies think it's open season on Catholics, without impunity. Well this little black duck won't put up with it. I'll impugn.

May I ask what you are talking about? I did not read anything with the quote you are giving and infact I do not believe I have even posted to you...Is another anti Protestant post?

[RnMomof7]

I was telling my daughter about it (she has a new 3 month old son:>) My favorite after the legos,tacks and glass..was the bean bag chair strapped to your abd for 3 months..then remove 3 beans...I almost fell out of my bed laughing *grin*

[Askel5]

No ... I got that from Belloc, actually.

He likes to point out the little things ... like the way folks will insist on a "literal" interpretation save for direct quotes such as "This IS my body ... this IS my blood."

[OrthodoxPresbyterian]

As to the article itself, since specific commentary to the article's points has been requested independent of a holistic examination of the crimes of Romanism (as if a tree ought not be judged by its fruits; oh, well...), I shall indulge the request:

Dear Mr. Bouyer: You can't have your cake and eat it too.

By which I mean simply thus: it is impossible to commensurate the Exsurge Domine (the Papal Bull of excommunication against Martin Luther) with Bouyer's overtures of "reconciliation" towards Protestants.

Either Exsurge Domine was Right in defining (to excerpt but one example out of 41 points of excommunication, many equally suspect) that "it is the will of the Holy Spirit that heretics be burnt", or it was Wrong.

Not to say that Luther or Lutherans did not commit like Crimes in their own Reformation battles. They certainly did. Gosh, some Lutherans even murdered fellow-protestant Calvinists (generally a sport normally reserved to Roman Catholics). But Luther and the Lutherans never claimed to be Infallible (and they surely aren't). Rome, however, does so claim.

• If Exsurge Domine was Right, then let Roman Catholics stand forth and robustly declare -- with the confidence borne of the "infallibility" claimed by their "church" -- their unwavering opposition to the Constitution's ban on Religious Tests, and their determination to overthrow the First Amendment and its protections of Religious Freedom. For if the Exsurge Domine be True, then "it is the will of the Holy Spirit that heretics be burnt". Have the courage of your convictions, Romans!! You certainly did on Saint Bartholomew's Day, didn't you.

• ON THE OTHER HAND, if Exsurge Domine was Wrong... then y'all Romans have a good 500 years worth of some serious backtracking to do before we "separated brethren" even think of "reconciling". Let Exsurge Domine be burnt by Rome, as it was burnt by Luther. What is more, let Luther's Excommunication be reversed. What is more, let all of Luther's accusers (whose accusations against Luther were, if Exsurge Domine be false, borne of false doctrines) be Excommunicated in his stead -- Popes, Bishops, and all -- for "the Lord abhors a diverse Measure", and "For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again". And what is more, let all of Luther's disputations against Rome be seriously and prayerfully re-considered by that supposedly "august" body, up to and including his disputation with the doctrine of Papacy itself; for if She who has claimed to be "Infallible" has Fallen so far in this (and indeed she has), she may well be equally Falible in all (and indeed she is).

What shall it be, Mr. Bouyer? Is Exsurge Domine a true and right definition of Catholic Doctrine? You claim Infallibility for your "church"; Is it then, indeed, the "will of the Holy Spirit" that heretics be burnt by your "church"? Choose this day whom you will serve.

You can't have your cake and eat it too.

[Lady Heron]

I am not sure this is the way Jesus would have Christians discuss our differences. There are huge differences in the way we worship. The word Protestant means protester. We were called that because we were protesting practices in the Catholic Church not mentioned in the Bible. We think we are right, Catholics think they are right.

The more we fight the weaker we will be against the world and islam. I will never be a Catholic but I see that together we are more capable of being salt and fighting evil than apart.

Oh,well that was my 2 cents worth take it or leave it.

[Notwithstanding]

This disciplinary canon was not retroactive. (Origen had been dead for 75 years when the canon you post was decided upon). Canons (laws) such as this are not infallible. They are laws for governance of the Church on earth.

[Brian Kopp DPM]

I did not write the med journal article. I am writing the press release that will accompany the publication of the article. These press releases are for the...press, not medial folks.

Of course, most lay people make the mistake of thinking the morning after pill is RU 486.

It is not. It is two regular birth control pills taken together than 2 taken again 12 hours later.

It is often prescribed following unprotected sex, rape, etc. The problem is that even if the morning after pill is given prior to ovulation, it can cause early spontaneous abortions (like the birth control pill) by screwing up the lining and receptivity of the uterus. Unfortunately, some religious hospitals allow the use of this pill combo in their ER's.

Frankly, most people do not know what the morning after pill is, thinking instead it is RU 486 (as I suspect you did, but I could be wrong.)

That is why a press release accompanying the publication of this article is necessary, besides the obvious fact that we (the researcher that wrote the article and myself) are trying to pressure the few Catholic hospitals that do permit it to stop prescribing it.