Posted on 12/14/2001 9:26:40 PM PST by Hopalong
History and other information about China's little-known Muslim population
China's Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects by Michael Dillon. Pub: Curzon Press, Richmond, UK, 1999. Pp: 208. Hbk: UK40.00.
By Leila Juma
Twenty years ago, few Muslims realised that they were huge Muslim communities in what was then Russia. On western-drawn maps, the Muslim areas of Central Asia - which have gained 'independence' by default after the collapse of the Soviet Union - were all shown as part of communist Russia and effectively divorced from the 'Muslim world'. A few better-read Muslims knew that Russia had a 'Muslim minority', but that was about the extent of our understanding.
Far greater awareness of Muslim populations around the world has been one of the benefits of 'Islamic revival' since the Islamic Revolution in Iran. There remains, however, a general ignorance about the Muslim community in China which is similar to that of the Muslims under Russian rule 20 years ago. People have become aware that the Muslims of north-western China are in fact Central Asian Muslim peoples living under Chinese occupation - as Muslims of other parts of Central Asia lived under Russian occupation for most of this century - and that there is a growing jihad against Chinese rule in these areas.
What is not generally realised is that there is also a far larger community of indigenous Chinese Muslims living in China proper, the descendants of both Central Asian settlers in China, and of Chinese people who converted to Islam centuries ago, under the influence of Muslim settlers, traders, ulama, teachers and others who travelled through the country or settled there during the period when Muslim countries represented the leading edge of world civilization. It is these Muslims, ethnically indistinguishable from the rest of the Chinese but with a very distinct cultural and religious tradition that has developed over centuries, which has been studiously maintained despite the aggressive atheism of the communist period, that are known as the Hui, while the non-Muslim Chinese are known as the Han.
Michael Dillon, a lecturer at Durham University in Britain, is an established student of the Hui Muslims. His 1996 book China's Muslims, part of the Oxford University Press 'Images of Asia' series, is an excellent short book on the subject. (The pictures with this review are taken from it.) His new book China's Muslim Hui Community, pulls together much of what other writer's have discovered about the Hui, with his own research.
The main section of the book traces the history of the Hui from the earliest days of Islam in China, to the present day. Unlike some writers on the subject, Dillon emphasises the importance of settlement in the origins of the Hui ahead of the conversion. He links the migration of early Muslims from Persia and Central Asia to earlier migrations by pre-Islamic peoples, which seems tenuous. He emphasises also the importance of the Ming period (1368-1644) for the emergence of the Hui as a permanent community rather than an immigrant one, and traces the stories of key early Muslim leaders, many of them warriors who helped the rise of Ming rule.
Dillon also continues his survey through Manchu rule and into the present century, tracing the changing role of the Hui in society and, in particular, the emergence of Sufism. He has a detailed chapter on the Hui 'insurrections' in the nineteenth century, through which Muslims tried to establish Islamic rule in key areas. These jihad movements, which lasted for decades and established functioning states in parts of China, were brutally suppressed, with the Muslims virtually exterminated in many areas. However, Dillon does not elaborate on the impact this had on the Hui, focusing instead on individual experiences and episodes rather than the larger picture. The same is true of his discussion of the present century.
The second main section focuses on Sufi orders in China, and is informative and detailed; however, Dillon's knowledge of China is not matched by his knowledge of Islam; hence errors such the statement that the word 'Salafiyya' derives from the Arabic 'sharif'. Despite the obvious breadth of Dillon's research, such errors raise doubts.
This book is a useful survey on a subject which few people know very much about. This compensates for its shortcomings. Muslim readers will find much of it informative and fascinating, but it should not be taken as authoritative. However, t he sad and unavoidable fact is that Muslims have no place else to go for such knowledge at this time.
Muslimedia: February 1-15, 2000
Sam Cohen, the father of the neutron bomb, wrote a long article in 2000 that was published in numerous magazines (including the New American)and posted on the FreeRepublic where he describes in detail how Bush Senior gave the Chinese and French the neutron bomb technology after Bush ordered the US neutron bomb components to be depleted (Sept 27,1991). Actual photos of Chinese and French tests of the neurton bomb were also analyzed by Cohen and posted on the Freerepublic.
Please Contact Wallaby or Uncle Bill or Alamo-girl and ask them to repost the articles. The archives and search engines on FreeRepublic have been royally messed up for the past five months and I cannot retrieve the article electronically.
"Our Neutron Bomb Give Away" by Sam Cohen (It was September 1999)
The link works:
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3947b37056ee.htm
CNN - Highlights of U.S. report on alleged China spying - May 25, 1999 WASHINGTON> (CNN) -- Over a 20-year period, China has stolen secret data on every weapon currently deployed in the U.S. nuclear arsenal and is most likely still doing so despite tighter security measures imposed at nuclear labs since last fall, a long-awaited congressional report said Tuesday.
The bipartisan report on alleged Chinese spying was approved unanimously by the nine members of a special House committee chaired by Rep. Christopher Cox (R-California).
Here are the report's highlights:
Nuclear secrets and the neutron bomb
- China obtained secret information on nuclear warheads and the neutron bomb in two decades of concerted espionage at U.S. nuclear weapons laboratories. The stolen information includes classified information on seven U.S. thermonuclear warheads, including every currently deployed thermonuclear warhead in the U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile arsenal.
These include the W-88 Trident D-5 thermonuclear warhead, the W-56 Minuteman II, the W-62 Minuteman III, the W-70 Lance, the W-76 Trident C-4, the W-78 Minuteman III Mark 12A, and the W-87 Peacekeeper thermonuclear warheads.
- Beijing used a "mosaic" approach to gather U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, combining spying and legitimate research in which small pieces of information were collected by many individuals and pieced together in China.
- China may have acquired classified U.S. nuclear weapons computer codes which could help in weapon design and adaptation.
- The U.S. nuclear warhead information is expected to surface in mobile ballistic missile systems that China is developing. The report says the stolen classified information saved China years of effort and resources in developing its new modern nuclear warheads.
- The full extent of U.S. information acquired by China was unclear but it occurred through the presidencies of Democrat Jimmy Carter and Republicans Ronald Reagan and George Bush and the current administration of Democrat Bill Clinton.
- Espionage "played a central part" in the theft of information. "In several cases, (China) identified lab employees, invited them to (China), and approached them for help, sometimes playing upon ethnic ties to recruit individuals."
- Chinese scientists used laboratory-to-laboratory contacts with the United States to gain information from U.S. scientists on common problems and solutions.
Satellites and U.S. companies
More than 3,000 Chinese corporations, some with links to China's army, operate in the United States. China uses front companies to buy technology and blur the end-use.
He also was connected to more than $600,000 in illegal campaign contributions to the Democrats, the report said. Polytechnologies is an arms-trading company indicted for trying to smuggle 2,000 Chinese AK-47 assault rifles into the United States and the largest of the corporate structures owned by the People's Liberation Army.
As a matter of fact, the time frame is rather limited here, since Chinese Communist espionage, including theft of technology, and much worse, surely had been going on since the victory of the CCP on the mainland, and before.
Truman himself was in fact surrounded by advisors and officials actually trying to accelerate the Communist victory and sabotage the Nationalists.
More important, contra much leftist and orthodox ChiCom-symp "Old China Hand" analysis, the United States did not lift a finger to aid the ROC when they retreated to Taiwan, until Eisenhower was elected.
For all that, if you recall when the Cox Report was being compiled, the Democrats were going out of their way to implicate both Reagan and Bush Senior in acts they wished to construe as similar and equivalent to the patent and indefensible transgressions of the Clinton administration, and threatened to block the whole committee report if they were not allowed to do so.
Cox reluctantly acquiesced as I recall.
You are usually very precise, OKCSubmariner. With ChaseR I must ask:
(1) Do you mean to say that Bush senior personally, knowingly, and deliberately gave secret neutron nuclear technology to the Chinese Communists, and thus intended and committed treason?I personally do not consider even Truman, whose administration tried practically to hand the ROC on Taiwan over to the Chinese Communists, to have been a party to the conspiracy, though he was certainly a dupe of important advisors.(2)That the transgressions of Bush senior and/or Reagan, as the Democrats and leftists would have us believe, were equivalent to what went on under the Clinton administration, and quite as grave in all respects?
With Stilwell earlier, who also was extremely detrimental to the Nationalists and helpful to the Communists, I am also somewhat in doubt. He was, as it turns out, involved in some fairly strange "psychic" activities, through his wife, and apparently thought himself at one point the reincarnation of an ancient Chiense general, if one story is to be believed.
No doubt he was and remains the darling of the left and the ChiComs, but was he actively and knowingly working in their interest, or merely in many ways an unstable, vulnerable, and useful dupe?
Another strand, also extending back to WWII and reaching right up through Clinton, is the machinations of some of our supposed British "cousins", who've had an interesting knack of turning the policies of the United States on this or that front to their own interests, which are often not consonant with ours. So do with other states like Israel or, now and then, even Turkey or Germany or now the EU, and so forth.
In the Nixon administration, it goes without saying, Red China certainly had warm comrades in Kissinger and Haig and others, and still does apparently
On the other hand, I see two important benchmarks that are necessary to context: (1)the Cold War against the Soviet Union; and (2) Tiananmen.
In any case, I too am interested in your reply to ChaseR.
Best regards. S&W R.I.P.
Both of these are in some ways pertinent to current events in my opinion, if only in regard to the mechanics of the relations between various citizens of a free republic and foreign powers.
Best regards. S&W R.I.P.
Regards to all. S&W R.I.P.
"Our Neutron Bomb Give Away" by Sam Cohen (It was September 1999)
The link works:
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3947b37056ee.htm
There are even more articles on this story which I will try to find. Charles Smith and Bill Gertz each did one and there was one in WorldNetDaily. I know people personally who know COhen very very well (they talk on a regular basis) and Cohen has even more to say in private than in his article about Bush and the Chinese.
There was a CHinese scientist at Lawrence Livermore lab who was accused of stealing neutron bomb tech for the Chinese but he got a suspended sentence because he was part of a cover program by Bush to hide the giveaway to the Chinese.
I wrote three articles related to these matters in 2000 posted on FR which I will try to find and send you. I distincly remember you being a part of the threads for those articles last year along with LSJohn,Judge Parker and Squantos.. Squantos, LSJohn or Judge Parker or all three should remember these articles and threads and may have saved them electronically if you want to contact them
Also remember I have had ties with nuclear matters since I once worked directly for the father of the nuclear Navy Admiral H.G. Rickover for a number of years in DC.
On Cohen, I get a completely different flavor from a report of a Ruddy interview:Bomb inventor says U.S. defenses suffer because of politics
interview with neutron bomb inventor Sam Cohen
Bomb inventor says U.S. defenses suffer because of politics
06/15/97
By Christopher RuddyFOR THE TRIBUNE-REVIEW
LOS ANGELES - For most of Sam Cohen's life, he has struggled against politicians who, in his opinion, have sacrificed good sense when it comes to the nation's defenses. Cohen is the physicist who invented the neutron bomb, the one that kills people but leaves things like tanks and buildings intact. Plans to deploy his creations in Europe during the '70s and '80s awakened the "peace movement" across that continent, stopping its deployment.
With that and other battles lost, the 76-year-old Cohen finds solace in his Brentwood home, nestled high on a hill overlooking Los Angeles. There the world is far more peaceful, or so it seems. Just down the road is the Rockingham estate of one O.J. Simpson. Cohen would pass there often during his morning walks, and occasionally see the former football star. "He was always pleasant," Cohen recounted.
Cohen would probably be unfazed if confronted by a knife-wielding mugger - a threat insignificant in the scheme of things. What worries him are weapons of mass destruction - nuclear ones that destroy whole cities.
The politicians tell us that our security has never been better. Cohen describes the present situation as "scary, more scary than ever before." He's concerned that the Clinton administration has decided it is politically incorrect to even think about the design and development of nuclear weapons. The head of the division of the Livermore National Laboratories in charge of such weapon development has threatened to resign if he is ordered to develop new weapons, Cohen noted in a recent interview.
The government doesn't want people to even think about nuclear weapons, which is like telling Sam Cohen he is no longer permitted to breathe.
As a kid from Brooklyn who graduated with a physics degree from UCLA, he enlisted in the Army after Pearl Harbor. In 1944 Cohen was assigned to the top-secret Manhattan Project to develop atomic weapons at Los Alamos, N.M. Cohen had the mundane job of calculating how neutrons behaved in "Fat Man" - the nickname of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. (The bomb dropped on Hiroshima three days earlier was nicknamed "Little Boy.")
The boring work was all worthwhile because Cohen eventually stood in the Nevada desert and witnessed something on par with the Transfiguration: an atomic explosion. Cohen saw firsthand the awesome power of the unleashed atom as human history entered a new age. "Awesome spectacle" is how Cohen still describes the event. Puffing on a cigar as he relaxed in his easy chair wearing a T-shirt and jogging pants, Sam remembered that day vividly.
World War II flying hero Jimmy Doolittle stood next to him when the bomb went off. "The little guy was blown down," Cohen recalled.
After the war ended, Cohen joined the Rand Corp. where he was paid to continue thinking about nuclear weapons. He was obsessed with the idea of a neutron bomb, one that would make use of the lethal particles he had observed so studiously at Los Alamos.
The earliest bombs had used nuclear fission, splitting heavy atoms to release energy. Later bombs used nuclear fusion, which fused hydrogen atoms to release energy. Both designs produced tremendous blasts that could level whole cities, and left them uninhabitable for long periods because of lingering radiation.
Cohen's neutron bomb would use nuclear fusion, but in a different way. The detonation of a neutron bomb would still produce an explosion, but one much smaller than a standard nuclear weapon's. The main effect of a neutron bomb would be the release of high-energy neutrons that would take lives far beyond the blast area. The result: fewer buildings, cars, tanks, roads, highways and other structures destroyed.
And unlike standard nuclear bombs that leave long-term contamination of the soil and infrastructure, the neutron radiation quickly dissipates after the explosion.
For Cohen, the neutron bomb is the ultimate sane weapon. It kills humans, or as he puts it "the bad guys," but doesn't produce tremendous collateral damage on civilian populations and the infrastructure a civilian population needs to survive.
This meant, in Cohen's mind, that a conventional war could escalate without immediately leading to an all-out nuclear holocaust. If regular nuclear weapons were used across Europe, the radioactive fallout could turn the continent into a wasteland for decades. That wouldn't be the case if neutron bombs were used.
Between 1958 and 1961 the neutron bomb idea was tested successfully, but the politicians in Washington nixed development and deployment of the weapon. Cohen persisted. As the Vietnam War began and festered in the 1960s, Cohen became an advocate of using neutron bombs there. To Cohen, his weapon was "a perfect fit" for dealing with the Viet Cong hidden in the jungles and rice paddies.
Again, the politicians had other ideas. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara ruled that no nuclear weapons of any type would be used in the war. The use of the small neutron bombs would have brought the war to a quick end, Cohen still argues, and saved the loss of more than 50,000 American lives.
In 1969, Cohen was fired from the Rand Corp. for continuing to advocate the use of tactical neutron bombs to end the conflict. "I lost all my battles," Cohen says today.
In 1979, he was in Paris helping the French build their own arsenal of neutron bombs when presidential candidate Ronald Reagan came through on a European tour. Cohen met with Reagan to brief him on the neutron bomb. Reagan grasped the idea of neutron weaponry immediately, and made a pledge to Cohen, and later a public pledge, that he would reverse Carter administration policy by building and deploying a large number of neutron bombs.
As president, Reagan fulfilled that pledge and approximately a thousand weapons were constructed. But criticism from European allies kept the weapons from being deployed across Europe.
With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communism as we knew it, the Bush administration moved to dismantle all of our tactical nuclear weapons, including the Reagan stockpile of neutron bombs. In Cohen's mind, America was brought back to Square One. Without tactical weapons like the neutron bomb, America would be left with two choices if an enemy was winning a conventional war: surrender, or unleash the holocaust of strategic nuclear weapons.
Other nation's haven't been afflicted by the U.S. blindness regarding neutron bombs. According to Cohen:
Evidence exists that China has neutron bombs stockpiled, and that the United States gave the Chinese the technology to build them.
Russia has a large quantity of such weapons, as well as the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons.
Israel has hundreds of neutron weapons. The neutron bombs would allow Israel to stop advancing Arab armies and tank columns - even one on Israeli soil - without permanently contaminating the land.
South Africa, which constructed a cache of neutron weapons before the end of white rule, claimed it dismantled those weapons before handing over power to the Nelson Mandela government. Cohen, however, claims to have it on good authority that white military leaders still control the secret stockpile as "an insurance policy."
Most frightening for Cohen is the relative ease by which neutron bombs can be created with a substance called red mercury. Red mercury is a compound containing mercury that has undergone massive irradiation. When exploded, it creates tremendous heat and pressure - the same type needed to trigger a fusion device such as a mini-neutron bomb.
Before, an obstacle to creating a nuclear bomb was the need for plutonium, which when exploded could create a fusion reaction in hydrogen atoms. But red mercury has changed that. The cheap substance has been produced in Russia, Cohen said, and shipped on the black market throughout the world.
Cohen said that when U.N. inspectors went to Iraq to examine the Iraqis' nuclear weapons capabilities, the U.N. team found documents showing that they had purchased quantities of red mercury. The material means a neutron bomb can be built "the size of baseball" but able to kill everyone within several square blocks.
The public isn't being warned about this development because the politicians have little desire to combat the menace or to confront nations like Iraq, Iran and Libya that likely would use such weapons, Cohen said.
Cohen has little faith in the politicians anyway. "Every president since Truman, with the possible exception of Eisenhower, would have sold the country out if it came down to a nuclear confrontation," he said.
Cohen on nation security issues
In a recent interview, Sam Cohen, the father of the neutron bomb, offered his views on several national security issues:
RUSSIA: Though the Cold War is over and Russia appears in disarray, Cohen suggested that the situation remains dangerous because Russia has "far and away substantially more nuclear weapons than we do." While U.S. policy makers have been busy dismantling our nuclear arsenal, Russia continues to modernize.
The United States has been paying billions of dollars for the leftover plutonium from Russia's dismantled weapons, but evidence indicates that the Russians have not been turning over weapons-grade plutonium. Instead, the United States has been paying for, and not objecting to, material from their nuclear power plants - a strong sign the Russians are not dismantling their weapons.
MISSILE DEFENSES: Calling a ballistic missile defense system "absolutely necessary," Cohen said American space-based plans so far have been a "debacle" that have cost taxpayers more than $50 billion.
Cohen argued that the "Star Wars" plan envisioned by President Ronald Reagan was inherently flawed. Politicians, once again fearing the "n" word, promised that nuclear weapons would not be used in any missile defense system. Cohen contends Reagan received misleading advice that technology was advanced enough to create a non-nuclear missile defense system.
Almost 15 years have passed since Reagan's call for a missile defense system, and still no weapons have been deployed. Cohen said that, had nuclear weapons been used, a fairly inexpensive system could already have been deployed. In such a system, nuclear weapons are exploded high in the atmosphere to either destroy or knock off trajectory incoming missiles. While the radioactive fallout from such explosions would pose some threat to civilian populations, it would be infinitely less harmful than having enemy missiles hit their targets.
Already, Cohen reported, the Russians have a sophisticated nuclear-based missile defense system around Moscow and possibly elsewhere. According to published intelligence reports, in the late 1980s the Russians began developing a "plasma weapon" for missile defenses. The plasma weapon uses nuclear energy to ionize the atmosphere, destroying or rendering inoperable any missiles passing through the plasma field.
SEAPOWER: Cohen said navies have become "obsolete" in terms of global warfare using nuclear weapons, and he described floating ships as "sitting ducks" for nuclear weapons. The U.S. Navy depends on AEGIS missile defense systems to protect its fleets, but Cohen said AEGIS has failed all of its tests, and there is no proof that it could fend off a multi-missile strike against a fleet, let alone a country.
Cohen said the U.S. Navy should put more resources into nuclear-powered submarines because of the difficulty any enemy might have in destroying them in a first strike.
For years, the nuclear submarines were the most important part of our deterrent against surprise nuclear attack, primarily because the submarine captain and crew did not need special codes, known as permissive action links or PALs, to fire their weapons. Thus, if a surprise attack disabled our military communications, the submarine could still counterattack.
In recent years, Cohen said, the Clinton administration has instituted the use of PALs on nuclear missile submarines, limiting their deterrence value.
CHINA: Cohen thinks China will soon be in position to blackmail the United States into reneging on promises to defend Taiwan. Already China has made overt threats about hitting the U.S. mainland with nuclear weapons. "China has said, `OK, if you defend Taiwan, we'll drop a nuclear weapon on Los Angeles,'" Cohen said.
In a trip to Taiwan, Cohen spoke before the military leadership there and strongly advised them to begin their own nuclear weapons program. The United States will not defend you because the politicians don't care about you, he told them.
Regards to all. S&W R.I.P.
That doesn’t agree with the information I have on the Downside Legacy:
The Washington Times 3/22/99 Joyce Howard Price “…According to Newsweek, U.S. officials investigating Chinese espionage believe China, over the past two decades, may have acquired design information about seven U.S. nuclear warheads, including the neutron bomb developed in the early 1970s. They believe China may also have stolen secrets about U.S. efforts to develop a nuclear weapon able to create an electromagnetic pulse "that would short out anything in an enemy nation that uses electricity." The CIA and a team of top nuclear-weapons experts came to these conclusions, Newsweek says, after CIA analysts pored through data gleaned from U.S. espionage against China. The material included years of communications intercepts and revelations from a 1995 defector involved in China's nuclear program. The material -- much of it written in Chinese and never read --had been stored in CIA computers and forgotten about until now. Newsweek said that when the CIA showed the evidence to several nuclear-weapons experts "they practically fainted." The magazine quoted one unnamed U.S. official close to the probe: "The Chinese penetration is total. They are deep, deep into the labs' black programs."….”
NewsMax.com 5/30/99 Inside Cover "...One of Inside Cover's favorite media whoppers about America's newfound national security hemorrhage is this: Most of the secret information the Chinese now have access to disappeared over the transom during the Reagan and Bush administrations. Not according to the actual chronology available in the Cox report. Turns out, of the eleven most serious episodes of nuke-related tech tranfers noted by the bi-partisan panel, eight took place during the Clinton years. Except for data on the neutron bomb, which China obtained during the Carter administration, not a single serious breach of nuclear security came to light before 1993...."
THE WASHINGTON TIMES 3/9/00 Bill Gertz “….The report mentions the FBI case involving Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientist Peter H. Lee, who gave China secret information about the neutron bomb - which kills with radiation instead of a large blast -in 1985 and 1997. Lee pleaded guilty to espionage in 1997. Sen. Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Republican, said during a Senate hearing Tuesday that Lee was sentenced only to community service and served no jail time despite his involvement in "a very egregious case involving the disclosure of nuclear secrets in 1985 and the disclosure of certain materials about detecting submarines in 1997."
San Jose Mercury News 4/13/00 Dan Stober “….. A congressional committee has made further allegations against Min, without mentioning him by name. ``In addition to design information about the W-70 (the neutron bomb), this suspect may have provided to the PRC (People's Republic of China) additional classified information about other U.S. weapons that could have significantly accelerated the PRC's nuclear weapons program,'' according to the 1999 report of the U.S. House of Representatives select committee headed by Rep. Christopher Cox, a Republican from Newport Beach…… To the FBI, Min is known as ``Tiger Trap,'' the code name given to the investigation of his activities… The original neutron bomb was built at Lawrence Livermore in the 1970s; the Chinese first tested a neutron bomb in 1988.…”
San Jose Mercury News 4/13/00 Dan Stober “…..Min was eventually confronted and questioned by FBI agent William Cleveland, who was then the chief spy-catcher in the bureau's San Francisco office. Min maintained his innocence. Min was not the only person questioned. The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board reported last year, somewhat cryptically, that there was no prosecution in the neutron bomb case because neither the ``suspect'' nor the ``foreign agent'' would confess….. The case against Min, while never officially closed, grew cold in the early-1980s, according to the report of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. Officials were then surprised to discover that Min took a half-dozen trips to China in the mid-1980s, according to knowledgeable officials……”
San Jose Mercury News 4/13/00 Dan Stober “…..Min has had a business license for Min's Consulting Associates since at least 1983. It and his other business, Grand Monde Trading, share an upstairs office with other small businesses in downtown Danville. Today, according to Loh, Min does mostly consulting work. ``If an American company wants to start doing business in China, he can help you do that,'' Loh said. For years, Loh said, Min has helped arrange scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States, particularly students in law and business… Min has no love for the Nationalists or the mainland Communists, instead supporting Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party, Loh said. ``Min is pro-independence, so why would he give information to communist China?'' Loh said. ……”
Best regards. S&W R.I.P.
I am entitled to my opinion about Bush and to voice it especially since I have a solid basis to believe so.
Bush Senior was also involved in Mena and with Barry Seals Just ask Uncle Bill and LSJohn and Judge PArker and Terry Reed and read their article posts and Reed's book Compromised ( I have spoken with Terry Reed at length and know several people who have known him very well for many years).
I strongly recommend that you also contact rightwing2 and flamefront about the neutron bomb situation with China-they are well informed and have paritcpated in threads on FR about the subject.
With respect to neutron bombs: Be concerned, very concerned about suitcase sized neutron bombs being set off in the US by terrorists (AlQaeda and Bin LAden types)who could easily get them from China.
Hopalong you are mistaken about the link on Sam Cohen's article. The link works fine and it shows the New American aritcle excerpt I posted I am CERTAIN (do you know how to copy and paste links into your browser??):
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3947b37056ee.htm
I stand fully 100% behind everything I have written about Bush Senior and GWBush regardless whether or not anyone choses to believe me or my info.
Do you not trust me Hopalong? Or are you trying to draw me out to see what I really have on Bush for some purpose? Or do you just want me to do a lot of work for you? Have I stepped on your sensibilities because I would dare suggest that Bush Senior is a corrupt evil traitor to the US and its laws even as he was ambassador to China and to the UN?
Hopalong, You are very knoweldgable about US China relations for decades and I am doubtful you have not heard about these issues many times years before I and others posted these articles about Bush and the Chinese on the FreeRepublic.
Have any of your friends in the Fed community been raising false doubts with you about me?? You WOULD BE MAKING A HUGE MISTAKE TO DOUBT ME (or believe their disinformation if they ever give it to you about me) including the fact I worked as a Project design engineer for the Trident ballistic nuclear submarine, Ohio Class.
Do me and yourself a favor and contact BlueDogDemo about my veracity and credibility (Naval Intell and OKC PD ).
But, Hey you are calling my hand so here goes (pay up with an acknowledgement and an apology if you want):
Our Neutron Bomb Give Away(Excerpt)
Foreign Affairs Breaking News News Keywords: NEUTRON BOMB Source: The New American Magazine
Published: September 27,1999
Author: Sam Cohen, Inventor of the Neutron Bomb
Posted on 06/14/2000 09:31:44 PDT by OKCSubmariner
Volume 15, Number 20 September 27, 1999
Article Summary Taken from Table of Contents Sam Cohen — The Chinese Communists did not obtain the neutron bomb through spying, charges the author, who invented this weapon. Instead, we [Bush administration] gave it to them as a matter of covert policy.
----------------------------------------------
I actually posted the full text of Cohen's article on the FreeRepublic so this should be totally satisfactory to you now:
Destroying America's Defenses(& Neutron Bombs;Formated Version)
Foreign Affairs Breaking News News Keywords: MISSILE DEFENSE Source: New American magazine
Published: May 8,2000 Author: Sam Cohen, inventor of the neutron bomb
Posted on 06/14/2000 16:55:46 PDT by OKCSubmariner
(link -it works too Hopalong):
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a39481b821ed4.htm The United States is following a dangerous path: Reducing tactical and strategic nuclear capabilities while potential enemies are doing just the opposite.
News flash: "The People’s Republic of China, using neutron weapons against Taiwan’s defenses, has destroyed an entire U.S. carrier group in the Taiwan Straits and is poised to unleash battlefield nuclear weapons against the 100,000 U.S. troops stationed in Korea and Japan."
News flash: "The Russian Army, armed with neutron weapons, has annihilated the conventionally armed U.S./NATO forces in Yugoslavia and has announced that it will do the same to all remaining NATO forces in Europe unless we comply with Moscow’s demands."
Imagine the dumbfounded shock and disbelief of the American people on learning that either of these terrible scenarios had become reality. Worse yet, consider the prospect of both of these scenarios (or any number of equally horrific possibilities) occurring at the same time, as part of a coordinated Beijing-Moscow strategy.
Impossible? By no means. In fact, it is very probable that one day the U.S., which has unilaterally divested itself of battlefield nuclear weapons, will be confronted by Russia and/or Red China brandishing these same weapons. In which case, we will lose — utterly and ignominiously.
What is perhaps most appalling about this dire situation is that in this presidential election year not a single candidate for our highest office has even mentioned this grave peril to our national security and survival. It would appear that national security and defense have been relegated to "non issue" status by the political powers that be. This is nothing less than a wholesale, national flight from reality. And it is a very grim and lethal reality that cannot be escaped by delusion, denial, and wishful thinking. In its last two significant military conflicts — with Iraq and Yugoslavia — the U.S. role has been one of military bully, mercilessly bombing the enemy’s civilian infrastructure, and causing untold misery and death to innocent civilians, at, essentially, no cost in American lives. Our government has waged these wars in violation of all Christian Just War principles, which our allegedly Christian presidents claim to support. In these two engagements, the ratio of civilian casualties to military casualties has been, roughly, ten to one. This has been justified by political warmongers on our side on the grounds that the lives of American ground troops were too sacrosanct to be risked, while the lives of innocent civilians (including the very young and very old) on the other side were unfortunate expendables. This is a terrible, morally wrong, indefensible abuse of military power.
But the future of U.S. military intervention will, most likely, see many more of these egregious abuses, unless the American people awaken and force drastic changes in U.S. policy. In addition to being morally bankrupt, and unjustifiable from the standpoint of failing to defend any genuine American interest, our recent military engagements have beguiled Americans with false expectations about the costs of war. The lop-sided "victories" by technologically superior U.S.-led forces against fourth-rate adversaries in Iraq and Yugoslavia have imbued most Americans with the erroneous belief that the U.S., as the world’s undisputed "superpower," is, if not invincible, at least unchallengeable, in any military sense.
Convinced that the Cold War is over, America continues its suicidal, unilateral rush to disarm. Our Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) have been removed from their silos, and now the silos are in the process of being blown up. Additionally, Admiral Jay Johnson, the Chief of Naval Operations, has told Congress that he would favor a cut in the nation’s nuclear missile submarine fleet from 18 Ohio class boats to 14.
Moreover, the nation’s fleet of nuclear-powered attack subs has already been drastically reduced, from 96 a decade ago to 56 today. However, on the battlefield, where future wars are far more likely to take place, our nuclear disarmament is virtually complete.
Following the Persian Gulf war, President George Bush, with the concurrence of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ordered that all of our low-yield battlefield nuclear weapons be demolished.
NEUTRON WEAPONS:
Also destroyed by Bush at this time was our stockpile of neutron weapons. Congress then went even further, passing legislation in 1995 mandating: "It shall be the policy of the United States not to conduct research and development which could lead to the production by the United States of a low-yield nuclear weapon which, as of the date of the enactment of this Act, has not entered production." This edict essentially covered the great bulk of useful, discriminate battlefield warheads — that is, those less than five kilotons.
Moreover, the legislation went out of its way to emphasize the banning of "a precision low-yield warhead," thereby rendering the rest of the nuclear stockpile that might be used for tactical purposes politically unacceptable. Sino-Russian Resolve Russia and China, however, have not renounced the use of battlefield nuclear weapons or relinquished these weapons. To the contrary, the use of low-yield nuclear weapons is central to their military doctrine, as is abundantly evident from their literature, official statements, and actions.
Whatever the intentions of Congress may have been, the fact is that this legislation has produced a policy that is tending to make the world not safer from aggression, but more vulnerable to aggression. The results could be disastrous. We are moving into a future in which our enemies may decide to use their battlefield nuclear weapons, particularly neutron weapons, against which our conventionally armed U.S. and allied troops will have absolutely no defense. In such a case, U.S. and allied casualties would be horrendous. We cannot claim to have had no warning; in the last few months alone, the Red Chinese have been engaged in an almost non-stop demonstration of nuclear saber rattling.
The PRC Defense Minister, General Chi Haotian, has been quoted as saying that war with the U.S. is "inevitable." President Jiang Zemin, aiming his remarks at the United States, has stated that the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) must be able to win a war under hi-tech conditions. On March 22nd of this year, the PLA-supported Haowangjao Weekly published a special 16-page edition describing in detail the attack plans that Beijing may use to militarily subjugate Taiwan, including the use of neutron bombs. The paper dismissed concerns of American intervention, noting that China is in "the final stage" of developing new long-range multiple-warhead missiles. "The United States will not sacrifice 200 million Americans for 20 million Taiwanese," the Communist paper warned.
Short of attacking the U.S. mainland, the paper noted, China could attack U.S. allies in Asia, as well as destroy U.S. military bases and troops in Japan, South Korea, and Guam.
In his new study, "China Debates the Future Security Environment," Dr. Michael Pillsbury, a noted China expert at the National Defense University, has documented the hostile intentions of the leaders of Red China, our new "strategic partner." He quotes, for instance, General Pan Junfeng, who calls the United States "the enemy" and suggests that American computers are a "very vulnerable" target in future wars. "We can make the enemy’s command centers not work by changing their data system," wrote Gen. Pan. "We can dominate the enemy’s banking system and even its whole social order."
In the past year, Russia and China have concluded a number of military and scientific agreements, and Beijing has been spending billions of dollars on armaments from Moscow. Among its new acquisitions are four Russian Sovremenny guided-missile destroyers and four Russian Kilo-class submarines. The Sovremenny’s supersonic Sunburn missiles were developed specifically to destroy U.S. Aegis-equipped Arleigh Burke-class destroyers and Ticonderoga-class cruisers, and the carriers these ships protect.
Meanwhile, Russia has returned to the Soviet nuclear emphasis doctrine of former years, a doctrine built around the use of battlefield nuclear weapons. Given NATO’s nuclear impotence, such a nuclear-equipped Russian army could easily overwhelm NATO’s much ballyhooed high-tech conventional forces.
TECHNICAL ADVANCES:
Several years ago official statements began emanating from Russia describing the development of a new class of low-yield, discriminate, "Third Generation" nuclear weapons which offered great promise for a credible Russian battlefield nuclear capability.
In January 1995, nine months before the U.S. government officially renounced the development and stockpiling of these weapons, the Russian government was openly espousing these weapons as essential to their military program. At this time, a Russian publication ran an interview with Vikto Mikhaylov, the Russian Minister of Atomic Energy. Mikhaylov, a renowned nuclear physicist and former ranking nuclear weapons official, made it very plain that Russia had an essential need for nuclear battlefield capabilities and was developing new weapons based on technologies drastically different from those associated with the fission and thermonuclear warheads of the past.
According to Mikhaylov, "A constant process of upgrading nuclear weapons and creating new models goes on in the nuclear weapons process...." Mikhaylov went on to say: Work is now being done in the world on third generation weapons.
While atomic munitions using the effect of fission of heavy nuclei can be included in the first generation and thermonuclear weapons operating on the fusion of light nuclei in the second, the third generation consists of weapons with a selective effect, which act as a superpowerful electromagnetic pulse, superpowerful nuclear-pumped lasers, an intense neutron flux [the so-called neutron bomb] and so on.
An electromagnetic pulse is capable of damaging or disabling armament and command and control and communications systems. Third generation nuclear weapons realistically can appear in the next century. They should possess a significantly lesser damage effect on the environment, but a greater selective effect. They probably will replace first and second generation nuclear weapons.
What was being referred to here by Mikhaylov was the fruition of a Soviet nuclear explosive program initiated as far back as the 1950s aimed at producing devices totally devoid of fissionable elements. Known as "pure fusion" weapons, they used the lightest elements, with the greatest accent on heavy hydrogen — deuterium and tritium.
What Mikhaylov did not mention was that such devices, used as military warheads, would have yields in the sub-kiloton region (as low as 10 tons, or less) and have sizes and weights far below the lightest fission warheads produced thus far. They would be highly portable (carried by even one man), making them ideal as nuclear terrorist weapons, as well as very cheap, mobile, effective battlefield weapons.
Also not mentioned by Minister Mikhaylov was that the development of these devices is perfectly legal within the framework of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1967. Developed under the auspices of the United Nations, the NPT covered only explosives using fissionable material — i.e., uranium and plutonium.
Under the terms of the NPT and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), there is nothing standing in the way of building and testing these devices. This may sound perverse indeed — and it is; but then, in general, this has been the history of arms control.
The much acclaimed NPT, signed by most countries, including the major nuclear powers at the time, paid no serious attention to pure-fusion explosives because they seemed unachievable in the foreseeable future. This unwarranted assumption was backed up by some of the world’s most prestigious scientists, including quite a few Nobel laureates, whose scientific integrity on nuclear arms control was dubious at best, and whose predictive record of weapons technologies to come was abominable.
Today "third generation" devices not only are demonstrably feasible, but, in all probability, already exist, especially in Russia. There is virtually no realistic chance of our detecting and verifying Russian testing of these weapons since, at such low-yield levels, they can easily be concealed through underground detonations. And Russia can provide these "non-existent" but "legal" weapons to any of its allies or any terrorist group it chooses.
As to the attitude of the Russian military toward such weapons, we might benefit from contemplating the views of Colonel General Yevgeny Maslin, Chief of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense Main Directorate.
In 1995, at about the same time as Mikhaylov’s comments quoted above, Maslin stated: Nuclear weapons with means of delivering them to the target essentially are the sole economically solvent means of ensuring Russian Federation military security. They serve to deter possible enemies against initiating nuclear conflicts and wide-scale conventional war.
If necessary, nuclear weapons can be used to repel aggression and create conditions for most rapid termination of war. In determining the most advisable requirements for nuclear weapons, Main Directorate specialists constantly work together with specialists of Minatom [Ministry of Atomic Energy] and its scientific, experimental design, and industrial organizations, i.e., with nuclear munitions developers, tying Armed Forces requirements in with technical capabilities.... General Maslin then became very specific about requirements for new nuclear weapons, placing special emphasis on Mikhaylov’s "Third Generation" remarks, with particular attention to the military-political advantages offered by advanced neutron bombs.
General Maslin made it very clear that third generation nuclear weapons technology was not necessarily a Russian monopoly, stating that in the absence of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, other nations could move on their own to develop such technology: "But if this [a CTBT] does not occur, then the appearance also of third generation weapons in the inventory of a number of states is fully realistic."
Of course, on the basis of what we know of the history of past armaments agreements, a CTBT would not deter these countries from pursuing their weapons programs.
But Maslin, unfortunately, may be all too correct about the proliferation of these weapons, especially in the case of Red China.
Two years after the revelations and tacit warnings to the West by Mikhaylov and Maslin, a highly classified analysis performed by the Joint Intelligence Committee (a forum made up of British, Australian, Canadian, and U.S. intelligence officials) was leaked to the media. The gist of this report was that Russia was planning to cut, by half, its badly deteriorated conventional forces and place primary emphasis on battlefield nuclear weapons, of which it has thousands. How many thousands it has we do not know; but we do know that the NATO countries have zero.
Two years after the JIC report, in 1999, the Russian Defense Ministry reported that it was carrying out mock nuclear attacks in the biggest nuclear exercise since the "collapse" of the Soviet Union. The U.S. and NATO have refrained from such exercises for decades, on the grounds that use of tactical nuclear weapons in a war in Europe made little military sense and no political sense whatsoever. The trouble, however, is that during the past decade NATO’s battlefield nuclear weapons have disappeared, but the Russian arsenal of these devices has not.
Triumph Over Test Ban Treaty Last October 13th, the U.S. Senate rejected the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The Clinton White House had lobbied hard for the treaty, and even went so far as to try to delay the vote when it became obvious that the treaty would not prevail. But the Senate did vote, rejecting the treaty 48 to 51 — far short of the two-thirds majority the Constitution requires for treaty ratification. Nevertheless, Mr. Clinton announced that the U.S. would still abide by the CTBT. "[W]e will not, we will not, abandon the commitments inherent in the treaty and resume testing ourselves," he brazenly declared in an October 15th speech. And he will continue to press for ratification of the CTBT, which our would-be disarmers have been pushing for the past four decades.
Immediately after World War II, our national leaders and their key advisors, operating under the auspices of the newly created United Nations, began efforts, through the treaty process, to rid the world of nuclear weapons. It was an effort doomed to failure, as all sensible persons with any understanding of history, human nature, and how nations behave easily recognized.
One of the primary nuclear disarmament players involved in constructing the Baruch Plan, one of the earliest disarmament failures, was David Lilienthal, a man of great distinction and idealism who regarded nuclear weapons with great revulsion.
In 1948, when Lilienthal became the first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, I personally witnessed him express this revulsion with great passion, but with little, if any, objectivity. I was aghast, telling myself that this man was unfit to hold such an enormously powerful office. However, despite the emotional side of his character, Mr. Lilienthal was capable of high intellectual honesty. Thus, as time went by and nuclear stockpiles around the world grew, he began to realize that the alleged logic of the arms control process was terribly flawed. His misgivings increased to the point where he broke ranks with his former colleagues, to their great dismay.
In March of 1963, during a major push for ratification of the CTBT, Lilienthal journeyed to Princeton University to deliver a speech entitled "The Mythology of Nuclear Disarmament." In that speech he made the following observations: The basic atomic weapons policy of the United States, almost from the beginning of Hiroshima, had been based on a fundamental misapprehension.
What is the essence of this great misapprehension? It is this: That because the Atom is such a uniquely powerful force for destruction, a revolutionary kind of destructive power, in dealing with it we must divorce it, set it apart, from everything the human race has previously learned about man’s behavior, about war and peace, about our institutions, about foreign policy, about military matters, about science. This simply isn’t so. But being misled by this belief in the special status of the powerful Atom, we have increasingly brought upon ourselves frustration after frustration. The fantastic destructive power of the Atom is a reality. The conclusions drawn from this act are myths. These myths are still at the foundation of our policies and our outlook. These myths, exposed by Lilienthal nearly 40 years ago, are with us still — only more so. And more than ever they continue to control our nuclear policies.
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But if that is still not enough for you, also try this on for size (and if you still do not believe it call William Jasper at 916-723-5090 who knows me and Sam Cohen extremely well):
'Father of the Neutron Bomb' Says U.S. Likely Gave Beijing the Deadly Technology
THE NEW AMERICAN
April 12, 1999 William F. Jasper
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3714130c5c95.htm (link also works too Hopalong)
Secret "Diplomacy," Not Espionage Behind Red China's N-Bomb "Father of the Neutron Bomb" Says U.S. Likely Gave Beijing the Deadly Technology
Recent revelations about penetration of top secret U.S. weapons laboratories at Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore by Communist Chinese agents have recharged the Clinton "Chinagate" scandals. One of the biggest bombshells thus far concerns Beijing's acquisition of our neutron bomb technology.
But physicist Sam Cohen, the "father of the neutron bomb," told The New American he does not believe the Chinese "stole" our neutron bomb technology; he thinks it was secretly given to them by our government.
Not that he doubts that the Red Chinese are fully engaged in widespread scientific espionage. But when it comes to the neutron bomb, he doubts that they obtained the technology through spying and theft. "Back in 1988 it was revealed in the press that China had tested a neutron bomb," Cohen told The New American.
"Two years later deputy CIA director George Carver claimed that the Chinese had constructed the weapon from data stolen from our research centers. Yet despite the outrage over Chinese perfidy and inexcusable U.S. security lapses, no arrests were made, no Chinese spies were caught, no U.S. scientists or officials were punished."
Cohen, the inventor of the neutron bomb, speculates that the Chinese got the weapon through a clandestine technology transfer by the Reagan-Bush Administration designed to help China — then considered our "ally" — bolster its ground defenses against a possible ground attack by Russia. "I don't have access to any top-secret information that proves this, but based both on my knowledge of the [neutron bomb] technology, my years of experience in the Pentagon and defense industry, and the facts I know of the case, I think this explanation makes the most sense.
I think only a handful of people — in the National Security Council and the CIA — would know about an operation of this kind," Cohen told The New American. "Most likely the man in charge was George Bush, who not only was formerly head of CIA, but before that was U.S. Ambassador to China. President Reagan probably wouldn't even have known about it.
Later, when Bush became President, he eliminated all of our neutron bomb stockpile. We don't know how many [neutron weapons] the Chinese have, but by now they could have a sizable number, and we could find ourselves at a terrible disadvantage in a ground conflict with them because of that."
William F. Jasper
----------------------------------------------
And for extraordinary detail read this article (and yes I know Breshnahan and the picture of the Chinese neutron Bomb tests were published on FreeRepublic and WorldNet Daily.(You can doubt it if you want but you will be mistaken if you do):
Link (it works too Hopalong):
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=13059
China test-detonates kiloton neutron bomb U.S. likely knew about surface explosion
By David M. Bresnahan
© 1999 WorldNetDaily.com
China has detonated at least one neutron bomb above ground with the knowledge and perhaps even the co-operation of the U.S.
Photographs of the secret test in late 1995 or 1996 have been provided to WorldNetDaily through a U.S. intelligence source who cannot be identified. The photographs have been tested and evaluated by several sources who have concluded they are genuine.
The pictures show what is alleged to be the detonation of a neutron bomb above what appears to be an orchard, somewhere in China. The photos were most likely taken from an airplane, although some sources believe they could have been taken by satellite. The possibility that they were taken by a U.S. spy satellite was not ruled out.
The disclosure of the secret test, made possible through U.S. technology, comes at a sensitive time because China Premier Zhu Rongji is currently visiting the U.S. in efforts to ease concerns about the U.S. relationship with communist China.
"Attached are two deliberately degraded, but still very good imagery of a possible/probable atmospheric or open air, above ground, test of an Enhanced Radiation Device (neutron bomb) (EHRD) in the PRC (People's Republic of China), supposedly in the late 1995 or 1996 time frame," detailed the description that came with the photos. The source has access to satellite high resolution, multi-spectral imagery and other intelligence photos.
The source who provided the pictures is known to WorldNetDaily and has proven to be reliable. His background has been checked independently and has been verified. He is who he claims to be. To protect him and his viability as a continual source for information, his name and location cannot be revealed.
The first photograph was taken less than a microsecond after the detonation, and the second was taken within a millisecond or two of the first.
"These images are very rich in the IR (infrared) spectrum, both reflected and absorbed, so some things appear very dark and some seem very light -- both unnaturally so in the normal visible spectra. Please note also that to have taken these images one must have had considerable foreknowledge, or intelligence, of the planned event well beforehand," commented the source.
He believes there is a likelihood that the pictures were taken by a U.S. spy satellite of the KH type. This would mean that the U.S. knew in advance that the test would take place and the location of that test.
WorldNetDaily sent copies of the pictures to the man who originated the idea of the neutron bomb, retired nuclear physicist Sam Cohen. He confirmed that he believes the photographs to be genuine.
Cohen said the photographs appear just as they should, and that it would take someone with very sophisticated knowledge of nuclear physics to fake such a photograph. Other military experts were also consulted and they too confirmed that there is no reason to suspect that the photos are not real.
Additional copies were also sent to high-ranking members of the intelligence community with requests for comments. Absolutely no comment has been received. The request was made by the intelligence source who provided the pictures. Cohen said it is likely that the device was a low yield neutron bomb of approximately one-kiloton in size. It would have been dropped from a plane at an altitude of approximately 10,000 feet. The explosion should have taken place in the area of 3,000 feet above the ground to have the optimum effect of destroying life without damaging property.
"There would have been zero effect on the pilot or crew," Cohen told WorldNetDaily. "I don't even think the airplane would have felt a shudder at that low yield and at that especially low yield regarding blast that comes out of a neutron bomb."
Cohen, and a different military source familiar with such tests both agreed that one test above ground is not enough. It is expected that this was one of at least two tests. A previous underground test by China was dismissed by U.S. officials as improperly conducted.
Cohen and others agreed that U.S. technology has enabled China to develop their nuclear capabilities, and that technology was not stolen from the U.S. It was cooperatively provided they all agreed.
What appears to be a defect in the fireball in the pictures is actually purposely created to tailor the effect of the bomb. Cohen said he first proposed this very technology 35 years ago.
Cohen put together a study group of other nuclear physicists working with him for the government and determined that a neutron bomb could be tailored to produce a pattern. His group found that advanced, discriminate, tailored effects of battlefield nuclear warheads with a very low yield could be designed.
Because of lingering requirements related to top secret information, Cohen was unable to provide the details of how such bombs can be tailor-made, but he said it is possible. He said the photographs show just such a possibility.
"What you're seeing in this
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/bluesky_bresnahan/19990412_test-detonate_ph.shtml">picture is a fireball. It's pretty hot," Cohen told WorldNetDaily. "Initially when the fireball is formed it is white hot. It is not in the infrared region. It's at the far end of the visible region approaching ultraviolet. I say this having witnessed many a test, and, boy, are things bright.
"If you were to look at it with the naked eye from the very beginning, you would be flash blinded, but good. You'd be out of commission for a long time, and you would suffer a little bit of eye damage, but not enough to blind you. "The area around a nuclear shock turns extremely white. It's like a thousand suns were beaming down. The whole landscape become eerie (as seen in the http://www.worldnetdaily.com/bluesky_bresnahan/19990412_test-detonate_ph.shtml">second photo It lasts a number of seconds and fades in intensity as time goes on. That fireball just glows and glows. At the beginning it's the hottest, then it gradually begins to cool down. Then it starts rising and we get the mushroom cloud and all that sort of stuff," explained Cohen.
Above ground tests of neutron bombs are not only useful but necessary. Without such tests, military leaders will not know exactly what to expect from such a weapon until it is used. The size of the bomb and the ideal height for detonation can only be determined from a test.
Cohen said he estimates the size of the fireball in the pictures to be about 200 to 300 feet across. He believes it is a good example of what to expect from a one-kiloton, low yield neutron bomb. The photos came without technical information, so Cohen and others who evaluated the pictures were unable to provide conclusive details.
"We have the fireball and off to one side we have this haze," Cohen continued to describe. "There's very little doubt in my mind that this haze was caused by radiation escaping from the bomb. Neutron bombs emphasize radiation, prompt radiation." He said it would take a specially designed bomb to direct radiation more to one side than to another.
"You've got to think multi-spectral across the entire spectrum, so you're looking at everything from UV, visible, to infrared as you look at these pictures," explained one military source who declined to be named.
"What we're seeing here (in the second photo) as the fireball is rapidly cooling down, we're seeing secondary atmospheric effects that just haven't been observed before," the source suggested.
"The first photograph is probably in the hundreds of microseconds region of the event. Therefore you're seeing it before the actual effects have hit the ground. That may be a stretch, I don't know," he added to explain the dark shadow area in the first photograph, which then becomes extremely white in the second picture.
"We understand how they work, but we've never had a good understanding of their effect," commented Cohen about the frustration of the U.S. scientific community. "We were never allowed to test these things in the atmosphere. All the neutron bomb tests that we did were underground. The military was dying to know just exactly what these effects might be. I think that's exactly what happened over in France, that the military wanted to know what these effects were, so they snuck off to the south Indian Ocean and http://www.worldnetdaily.com/bluesky_bresnahan/19990412_xex_the_french_n.shtml">detonated this thing.
The military source believes the U.S. has full knowledge of the above ground test conducted by France in 1979, and that the U.S. cooperated in that test. Cohen was in France at the time and suggested that French scientists find a way to conduct an open air test.
The U.S. government has known about the Chinese test and most likely has the data from that test. All sources agreed that is why no mention has been made.
David M. Bresnahan is an investigative journalist for WorldNetDaily.com
I guarantee my information-See my reply #32 to Hopalong and you will see the full text of Sam Cohen's article in the reply. In that aarticle Cohen claims Bush gave the neutron bomb to the Chinese. I believe Cohen for a lot of reasons some of which are related to my being a nuclear engineer associated with the nuclear Navy and Admiral Rickover.
Think of the cost-savings. We would still need nuclear submarines, our own missiles, and so forth, as an independent return strike capability, but with such a cataballistic system we could count enemy missiles as part of our own arsenals, and egg on the Chinese Communists, or similar critters, like some fool with a reversed-barrel automatic, to deliver on the threat to make the first move....
Regards to all. S&W R.I.P.
Incorrect about Sam Cohen? How so? I didn't say anything about Sam Cohen, OKCSubmariner, but merely posted Ruddy's interview, from which I said I got a diffferent "flavor".
Best regards. S&W R.I.P.
Except for data on the neutron bomb, which China obtained during the Carter administration, not a single serious breach of nuclear security came to light before 1993...."
Sandy Berger(Nat'l Security advisor for Clinton) put out a lot of false info about the Chinese and the neutron bomb for years to cover Clinton (and Bush). The above statement is a superlative example of the type of his misstatements.
You are free of course to not believe me. But I am telling the truth . But for your information some one the FR like LSJohn,flamefront,rightwing2 and journalists William Jasper and David Breshnahan believe me and Cohen about Bush.
You seemed to me to have your doubts about what I claimed about what Cohen wrote. Ergo, the statement "Hopalong is incorrect about Cohen."
Sorry, but your replies were challenging and I accepted your challenge.
The information I posted about Cohen is correct (see reply #32) and conveys Cohen's flavor, not Ruddy's flavor.
Sorry, I meant to send reply #37 to you instead of myself.
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