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Posted on 03/16/2004 12:00:43 AM PST by SAMWolf
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 are acknowledged, affirmed and commemorated.
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King Tiger  The Tiger II was also known as "Tiger Ausf. B" or "Königstiger" (King Tiger) and was the last major tank design to see service during the war. The original Tiger design was finalised before the Russian T-34 was encountered so it lacked the excellent ballistic shape which was a feature of the Panther. The Tiger II went into production late in 1943 and was first engaged in action on the Russian front in August 1944 and was later encountered by the Allies in France in August of that year. It was born of a demand from the Waffenamt (Army Weapons Office) in August 1942 for a redesigned Tiger tank incorporating thicker armor, sloped plates to deflect shots as on the Panther and T-34, and armed with the 88mm L/71 gun, which should be capable of dealing with any new tank development that the Russians could possibly produce.  Tiger II with Porsche turret Both Porsche and Henschel were asked to submit designs to these specifications. The Porsche design (VK 4502P) had alternative layouts with the turret either well forward or at the back of the hull. It was to mount the longer L/71 KwK 43 gun as in the Elefant tank destroyer. At first the Porsche model was considered for production and the construction of turrets by Wegmann of Kassel for this vehicle began, but due to the shortage of copper required for the parts in the electrical transmission this tank project was cancelled. The Waffenamt also rejected the electric drive as unreliable and too sophisticated for service conditions.  Adding camouflage colours The second design from Henschel (VK 4503H) was powered conventionally like their Tiger I and was accepted. The project was put in hand as a top priority effort and the first prototype was delivered in November 1943. By that time the Panther II had been designed, and under the new rationalisation policy it was decided that as many parts of the Panther II as possible had to be incorporated to standardise design features between the two vehicles. Production of the Tiger Ausf. "B" began in December 1943 on the Henschel production line, parallel to that which was building the Tiger Ausf. E. The first production models began to reach the Army late in February 1944.  Tiger II of the "Feldherrnhalle" Panzergrenadier Division (1945) Henschel remained the sole builders of the Tiger II during its whole production life. By September 1944 Tiger Ausf. E production ceased completely in favour of the new vehicle. Production was scheduled to reach a rate of approximately 145 per month, but disruption by enemy bombing and shortage of materials reduced the best ever monthly output to 84 in August 1944. By the end of the war 487 Tiger IIs had been produced. The first 50 Tiger IIs to be completed were fitted with the spare turrets originally intended for the Porsche Tiger. This turret had a curved front mantlet and a bulged commander's cupola on the left side. The remaining vehicles had a Henschel-designed turret, having thicker armour and eliminating the re-entrant angle under the mantlet.  The protective effect of the sloped lines The Tiger II was derived from the Tiger Ausf. E and both tanks had many features in common. At the same time it bore a much closer resemblance to the late model Panther. Common fittings included cupolas, engines, engine covers and road wheels. Compared with the other vehicles the Tiger II had thicker armor and was dimensionally larger. It incorporated various features which experience had shown were desirable; notably the front glacis plate, which was now sloped as on the Panther and T-34 tanks instead of squarely vertical as on the original Tiger. The armor protection, particularly that carried on the front of the vehicle, was the thickest to be employed on a tank that was due for large scale production. The front plate was 150mm set at a 40o angle, the turret face 180mm thick, and the side and tail plates, including the turret wall, were 80mm thick. Frontal attack of this tank, by any weapon available to the Allies, was out of question.  After completing the camouflage, the crew fit the armored mudguards. The extremely wide tracks gave the Tiger II good cross-country performance despite its excessive weight. The Tiger II incorporated all the good points of the Panther tank and armed with a new main armament, the 88mm KwK 43 L/71 which was almost 21ft long. This gun represented the largest calibre length to be employed operationally by the Germans in a tank mounting during the war. There was a small, conical Saukopf (pig's head) mantlet, and a well-sloped turret and sloped morticed armor plates making up the hull. The tanks were often covered with Zimmerit to prevent the attachments of magnetic mines.  A battalion of Tiger IIs drawn up for inspection in Paderborn-Sennelager, autumn 1944 Internally the vehicle followed the usual German layout with front sprocket drive and crew positions as for the Panther. The big turret had several interesting features; it lacked the usual basket and was built out very wide over an immense 73inch diameter turret ring. To assist in loading the big ammunition rounds carried, 22 rounds were mounted in the rear turret bulge, thus giving the loader a minimum handling movement. Power traverse was as for the Panther and Tiger.  Tiger of sPzAbt. 'Fernherrnhalle' in Budapest, spring 1945 Suspension was by torsion bars and it followed the same type of arrangement as in the Tiger Ausf. E. However, the wheels were overlapped rather than interleaved as on the Tiger. This change was adapted to simplify the maintenance problems which had been inherent with interleaved road wheels. Similarly, the tendency for the wheels to freeze solid with packed snow was obviated to some extent. Steel-tyred resiliently sprung wheels (which featured a layer of rubber between two steel tyres) were standard on the Tiger II as on the late models Tiger Ausf. E and Panthers.   The early-style turret.............The Serien-Turm (series turret).
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Seems like there was a PFC Towle in the 82nd AB that stalked 3 Tigers with a bazooka and kept them off his buddies. He didn't kill any, he just made them leery of advancing. He got the Medal of Honor.
Walt
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Air Power |
The Junkers Ju 388 Stortebeker was a World War II heavy fighter based on the famous Ju 88 airframe. It was introduced very late in the war, and production problems and the general war conditions meant very few were delivered.
When the performance estimates of the B-29 Superfortress first started reaching German ears in late 1942, widespread panic broke out. The plane had a maximum speed around 350mph, and would attack in a cruise at about 225mph at 27-32,000 ft, an altitude that no German plane could operate at effectively. If there was any hope of countering attacks by this bomber, the Luftwaffe would need new fighters and destroyers as soon as possible.
A meeting was called at the Messerschmitt factory in Augsburg, and an answer was hammered out. The fighter solution quickly settled on the Focke-Wulf Ta 152H, based on the already successful Fw 190D's with longer wings and the E model of the Junkers Jumo 213 engine. A back-up in the form of the Messerschmitt Me 155B would also be funded at a lower priority.
A similar conversion of an existing destroyer wasn't so obvious. The Focke-Wulf Ta 154 and Heinkel He 219's had the performance needed to catch the bomber, but both had short wings and would require considerable modification for higher altitude work. The Ju 88 had already been modified in this fashion as the S and T models, but these didn't have the performance needed.
Similar high-altitude modifications to the 188 were being looked at as the projected J, K and L models, which included a pressurized cockpit and wing and elevator de-icing equipment for extended flights at very high altitudes. This seemed like a better starting point, and these models were re-named Ju 388.
In order to improve performance, the 388 removed almost all of the defensive armament. Instead a remote-control turret in the tail mounted two 13mm MG 131's, aimed via a periscope in the cockpit. The turret had an excellent field of fire and could shoot directly to the rear, so the gunner's pannier under the nose could be removed. This cleaned up the plane's lines considerably.
The plane was to be supplied in the three original versions, J, K and L. The J model was a fighter with two 30mm MK 103's and two 20mm MG151/20's in a solid nose when used as a bomber destroyer. As a night fighter they replaced the 103's with the smaller and lighter MK108's, and added a second pair of MK108's as Schrage Musik behind the cockpit. The K model was a pure bomber, with a pannier under the plane to increase the size of the bay. The L photo-reconnaissance model put the cameras in the pannier along with additional fuel tanks for long range missions.
Three sub-models of each version were planned, different only in the engine installation. The -1's would mount the BMW 801G, a turbocharged version of the basic 801. The -2 would use the 2,500hp Jumo 222A/B (the B model ran the opposite direction of the A, but was otherwise identical), or the E/F versions with an improved two-speed supercharger. The -3 would mount the Jumo 213E, which included a supercharger similar to the 222E/F.
With the 801 or 213 the fighter versions flew at just over 600km/h (380mph) as a destroyer, losing about 25km/h to radar and Schrage Musik as nightfighters. That's about the same performance as the existing Luftwaffe night fighters, but it maintained this speed at much higher altitudes. With later models of the 222 it was supposed to have reached around 700km/h (435mph), again losing about 25km/h for nightfighters. These -2 versions were considerably faster than the de Havilland Mosquito, and would have made a formidable plane. The bomber versions were roughly the same speeds, while the recce versions would have been about 25km/h faster.
The first prototype was a converted Ju 188T-0, and flew in December 1943. It demonstrated much better handling at altitudes than the Ju 88S models. This was followed by a run of six new-build prototypes. However it was some time before deliveries of the production models started, while they waited for deliveries of the various high-altitude engines. By the time the engines were generally available it was clear the B-29's were being sent to the Pacific. In the meantime the German photo-reconnaissance efforts had practically disappeared due to the increased performance of the Allied defenses, so efforts focused almost entirely on the L models.
In the end very few Ju 388's were delivered, starting in August 1944. About 47 L models seem to have been built, the majority as -1's with the 801TJ engine instead of the 801G, and only three -3's with the 213E. Fifteen K-1's were built, and only three J-1 models were produced.
| Type: (L) Reconnaissance, (J) Night Fighter, (K) Bomber Origin: Junkers Flugzeug und Motorenwerke AG Models: L-Series, J-Series, and K-Series Crew: Ju 388L: 3 First Flight: N/A Final Delivery: N/A Number Produced: Ju 388L: 47 Ju 388J: 3 Ju 388K: 15 Engine: Most: Model: BMW 801TJ Type: 18-Cylinder two-row radial Number: Two Horsepower: 1,890 hp Some: Model: Junkers Jumo 213E Type: 12-Cylinder Liquid-cooled Inverted Vee Number: Two Horsepower: 1,750 hp Dimensions: Wing span: 72 ft. 2 in. (22.00m) Length: Ju 388L-1: 49 ft. 10.5 in. (15.20m) Ju 388J-1: 53 ft. 5.5 in. (16.29m) With Tail Warning Radar: 58 ft. 1 in. Height: 14 ft. 3 in. (4.35m) Wing Surface Area: 602.80 sq. ft. |
Weights: Empty: Ju 388L-1: 22,810 lb. (10,345 kg) Ju 388J-1: 22,928 lb. (10,400 kg) Loaded: Ju 388L-1 & J-1: 32,350 lb. (14,675 kg) Performance: Maximum Speed: Ju 388L-1: 407 mph (655 kph) Ju 388J-1: 362 mph (582 kph) Initial Climb: N/A Service Ceiling (Typical): 44,000 ft. (13,500m) Range with internal fuel: Ju 388L-1: 1,838 miles (2950 km) Armament: Ju 388J-1: Two 30mm cannon firing forward. Two 20mm MG 151 cannon firing forward. Two 20mm MG 151 cannon in Shrage Musik Installation in rear fuselage. Payload: N/A Avionics: Ju 388J-1 FuG 218 Neptun with Morgenstern aerial array, partially enclosed in plywood nosecone. |
Great thread. Quite the vehicle, too, come to think of it.
He would have had a hard time getting it across the Delaware River on that rowboat. ;-)
How could he have gotten across the Delaware? It is a cool mental image of GW, with tricorn hat, in the commander's cuppola.
The 82nd Airborne Division Seized Goronne, Belgium during the Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge on January 7th, 1945, Pictured are soldiers from the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment after successfully destroying two King Tiger tanks of the 501st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion.
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded in the name of The Congress the Medal of Honor to
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Army, Company C, 504th Parachute Infantry, 82d Airborne Division.
Place and date: Near Oosterhout, Holland, 21 September 1944.
Entered service at: Cleveland, Ohio.
Birth: Cleveland, Ohio.
G.O. No.: 18, 15 March 1945.
Citation. For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty on 21 September 1944, near Oosterhout, Holland. The rifle company in which Pvt. Towle served as rocket launcher gunner was occupying a defensive position in the west sector of the recently established Nijmegen bridgehead when a strong enemy force of approximately 100 infantry supported by 2 tanks and a half-track formed for a counterattack.
With full knowledge of the disastrous consequences resulting not only to his company but to the entire bridgehead by an enemy breakthrough, Pvt. Towle immediately and without orders left his foxhole and moved 200 yards in the face of Intense small-arms fire to a position on an exposed dike roadbed. From this precarious position Pvt. Towle fired his rocket launcher at and hit both tanks to his immediate front. Armored skirting on both tanks prevented penetration by the projectiles, but both vehicles withdrew slightly damaged. Still under intense fire and fully exposed to the enemy, Pvt. Towle then engaged a nearby house which 9 Germans had entered and were using as a strongpoint and with 1 round killed all 9.
Hurriedly replenishing his supply of ammunition, Pvt. Towle, motivated only by his high conception of duty which called for the destruction of the enemy at any cost, then rushed approximately 125 yards through grazing enemy fire to an exposed position from which he could engage the enemy half-track with his rocket launcher. While in a kneeling position preparatory to firing on the enemy vehicle, Pvt. Towle was mortally wounded by a mortar shell. By his heroic tenacity, at the price of his life, Pvt. Towle saved the lives of many of his comrades and was directly instrumental in breaking up the enemy counterattack.
Helluva way to earn a battlefield promotion. WOW!
Still, airpower could make short work of them.
Great minds...:-)
BLOWED UP, sir.
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