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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits Tet 1968 - Jan. 31st, 2004
http://members.fortunecity.com/stalinmao/Vietnam/VietnamWar/tet.html ^

Posted on 01/31/2004 4:50:10 AM PST by snippy_about_it



Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.



...................................................................................... ...........................................

U.S. Military History, Current Events and Veterans Issues

Where Duty, Honor and Country
are acknowledged, affirmed and commemorated.

Our Mission:

The FReeper Foxhole is dedicated to Veterans of our Nation's military forces and to others who are affected in their relationships with Veterans.

In the FReeper Foxhole, Veterans or their family members should feel free to address their specific circumstances or whatever issues concern them in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, brotherhood and support.

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TET OFFENSIVE



1968



Tet: The Turning Point


Four-star General Vo Nguyen Giap led Vietnam's armies from their inception, in the 1940s, up to the moment of their triumphant entrance into Saigon in 1975. Possessing one of the finest military minds of this century, his strategy for vanquishing superior opponents was not to simply outmaneuver them in the field but to undermine their resolve by inflicting demoralizing political defeats with his bold tactics.



Giap was prepared to take a gamble. His divisions had been battered whenever they met the American forces in conventional combat and the VC- if not exactly on the retreat -was at least being pushed backwards. Hanoi was perfectly aware of the growing US peace movement and of the deep divisions the war was causing in American society. What Giap needed was a body-blow that would break Washington's will to carry on and at the same time would undermine the growing legitimacy of the Saigon Government once and for all.

In one sense, time was not on Giap's side. While Hanoi was sure that the Americans would tire of the war as the French had before them, the longer it took, the stronger the Saigon Government might become. Another year or so of American involvement could seriously damage the NLF and leave the ARVN capable of dealing with its enemies on its own. Giap opted for a quick and decisive victory that would be well in time for the 1968 US Presidential campaign.



Giap prepared a bold thrust on two fronts. With memories of the victory at Dien Bien Phu still in his mind, he planned an attack on the US Marines' firebase at Khe Sanh. At the same time the NVA and the NLF planned coordinated attacks on virtually all South Vietnam's major cities and provincial capitals. If the Americans opted to defend Khe Sanh, they would find themselves stretched to the limit when battles erupted elsewhere throughout the South. Forced to defend themselves everywhere at once, the U~ARVN forces would suffer a multitude of small to major defeats which would add up to an overall disaster. Khe Sanh would distract the attention of the US commanders while the NVA/VC was preparing for D-day in South Vietnam's cities but, when this full offensive was at its height, it was unlikely that the over-stretched American forces would be able to keep the base from being overrun and Giap would have repeated his triumph of fourteen years before.

It's highly doubtful that the NVA/VC expected to hold all or even some of the cities and towns they attacked, but the NLF apparently did expect large sections of the urban populace to rise up in revolt. With a few exceptions, this didn't happen. South Vietnam's city dwellers were generally indifferent to both the NLF and the Saigon Government but the VC clearly expected more support than it actually got. The object of attacking the cities was not so much to win in a single blow as it was to inflict a series of humiliating defeats on the Americans and to destroy the authority of the Saigon Government.

When the US/ARVN forces finally drove the NVA/VC back into the jungle, there would be left behind a wasteland of rubble, refugees, and simmering discontent. Stung by their defeats, the Americans would lose heart for the war and what was left of the Saigon Government would be forced to reach an agreement with the NLF and Hanoi which - after a time - would simply take over in the South. This offensive would begin in January 1968 at the time of the Vietnamese Tet (New Year) holidays.



The village of Khe Sanh lay in the northwest corner of South Vietnam just below the DMZ and close to the Laotian border. Khe Sanh had been garrisoned by the French during the first Indochina war and became an important US Special Forces base early on during the second. Its importance lay in its proximity to the Ho Chi Minh Trail. From Khe Sanh, US artillery could shell the trail and observers could keep an eye on NVA traffic moving southwards. If necessary they could call in air-strikes or alert CIA/Meo raiding parties across the border in Laos. Special Forces working with local Montagnard tribesmen also harried NVA traffic in the area and were a definite nuisance to Hanoi. In 1967, the Marines took over Khe Sanh and converted it into a large fire base. The Special Forces moved their base to the Montagnard village of Lang Vei.



Towards the end of 1967, it was obvious that Giap was planning something. Broadcasts from Hanoi were speaking of great victories and of taking the war into the cities of South Vietnam. Two NVA divisions- the 325th and the 304th were spotted moving into the Khe Sanh area and a third was positioning itself along Rout#9 where it would be able to intercept reinforcements coming in from Quang Tn. The two NVA divisions near Khe Sanh had fought at Dien Bien Phu and the warning was clear. Westmoreland picked up the gauntlet and began to reinforce the base despite predictions of upcoming bad weather which could hinder air support and interfere with vital supply planes.

Appearances to the contrary, Westmoreland had no intention of duplicating the French mistakes at Dien Bien Phu. American airpower was capable of delivering devastating attacks on concentrations of enemy troops and - apart from anti-aircraft guns - was unopposed. Helicopters and parachute drops by low-flying cargo planes reduced the dependence on re-supply by road.



By late January, some 6,000 Marines had been flown in to reinforce the Khe Sanh garrison and thousands of reinforcements had been moved north of Hue. The NVA build-up also continued; 20,000 North Vietnamese were ultimately moved in around Khe Sanh but other estimates put the number at twice that. Initially, Giap would position his artillery in the DMZ and then send his assauIt troops against the fortified hills surrounding Khe Sanh which the Marines had captured in the dogged fighting in 1967.

Having captured the hill positions, Giap reasoned, the NVA artillery could be moved onto the heights above the beleaguered base. Then - as happened at Dien Bien Phu - waves of determined infantry would steadily grind away until the defenders were pushed into a corner and finally over-run. The White House and the US media became convinced that the decisive battle of the war had begun. TV news reports were so obsessed with Giap's threatened replay of Dien Bien Phu that day-to-day life at Khe Sanh became lead-story material even when it showed nothing other than anxious Marines waiting for something to happen.



The first attack began shortly before dawn on January 21st, when the NVA attempted to cross the river running past the base. It was beaten back but followed by an artillery barrage which damaged the runway, blew up the main ammunition stores, and damaged a few aircraft. Secondary attacks were launched against the Special Forces' defenses at Lang Vel and against the Marines dug-in on the hills surrounding Khe Sanh but these attacks were aimed more attesting the defenses than anything else. The next day, helicopters and light cargo aircraft flew in virtually every few minutes replacing lost ammunition but the weather began turning worse.



The NVA began a concentrated artillery barrage and moved their troops forward to begin building a network of entrenched positions in which they could prepare for further assaults on Khe Sanh's outer defenses. Anti-aircraft guns and the worsening weather made incoming supply flights difficult running skirmishes designed to break through on Route#9. Air and supporting US forces moved-up to engage the NVA in running skirmishes around Khe Sanh and were intensified and despite the weather- pounded the North Vietnamese hour after hour.

Electronic sensors of the types running along the McNamara Line surrounded Khe Sanh. Seismic and highly sensitive listening devices enabled the Americans to monitor everything from normal conversations to radio communications. Overhead, high-flying signal-intelligence (SIGINT) aircraft intercepted communications traffic over the entire front and to and from command centers in North Vietnam. While the world was watching the drama unfolding at Khe Sanh, however, NVA and VC regulars were also drifting into Saigon, Hue, and most of South Vietnam's cities.



They came in twos and threes, disguised as refugees, peasants, workers, and ARVN soldiers on holiday leave. In Saigon, roughly the equivalent of five battalions of NVA/VC gradually infiltrated the city without anyone informing or any of the countless security police taking undue notice. Weapons came separately in flower carts, jury-rigged coffins, and trucks apparently filled with vegetables and rice.

There was also a VC network in Saigon and the other major cities which had long stockpiled stores of arms and ammunition drawn from hit-and-run raids or bought openly on the black-market. It was also no secret that VC drifted in and out of the cities to see relatives and on general leave from their units. Viet Cong who were captured during the pre Tet build up were mistaken for regular holiday-makers or deserters. In the general pattern of the New Year merry-makers, the VC's secret army of infiltrators went completely unnoticed.






FReeper Foxhole Armed Services Links




TOPICS: VetsCoR
KEYWORDS: freeperfoxhole; samsdayoff; tetoffensive; veterans; vietnam
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To: U S Army EOD
There are probably guys who didn't even put in for Purple Hearts with wounds that minor.
201 posted on 01/31/2004 9:46:07 PM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: U S Army EOD
Night EOD. Thanks for helping keep the Foxhole going while I was AWOL most of the day.
202 posted on 01/31/2004 9:47:16 PM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: snippy_about_it; bulldogs; Professional Engineer
Night all. Gonna go back to bed and see if I can sleep through the night.
203 posted on 01/31/2004 9:48:57 PM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: SAMWolf
Take care, and get some rest. I had this flu crud in DEC. It was no fun.
204 posted on 01/31/2004 9:54:41 PM PST by Professional Engineer (Spirit/Opportunity~0.002acres of sovereign US territory~All Your Mars Are Belong To Us)
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To: Professional Engineer
Goodnight Sam, try the ginger root.
205 posted on 01/31/2004 10:01:49 PM PST by bulldogs
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To: snippy_about_it
Thanks for posting that explanation of The Picture, snippy. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but it doesn't usually tell the whole story. That picture and the one of the naked boy running in terror are the two images from Viet Nam that are branded into our physche.
206 posted on 01/31/2004 10:19:50 PM PST by Samwise (There are other forces at work in this world, Frodo, besides the will of evil.)
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To: PhilDragoo
BTTT!!!!!!
207 posted on 02/01/2004 3:03:03 AM PST by E.G.C.
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To: SAMWolf
Morning Bump!

ANY VETS OUT THERE? PLEASE ADD YOUR NAME TO OUR LIST:


208 posted on 02/01/2004 4:10:47 AM PST by W04Man (Bush2004 Grassroots Campaign visit W-04.com for FREE STICKERS)
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To: Samwise; Matthew Paul; U S Army EOD; Darksheare; All
While we are at it...



Vietnam napalm strike: the myth of Kim Phuc


The Myth Of The Girl In The Photo © Ronald N. Timberlake November 1997 All rights reserved. May not be reprinted except in total. Photo © 1972 Nick Ut

Anyone who read a newspaper over last Veterans Day weekend is likely to have seen one of the many articles about the American bombing of the village of Trang Bang, Viet Nam, with the naked and terrified little girl running toward the Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer. Again this Veterans Day, at least one network aired a documentary on the story. It is a heart-wrenching photo, and is published with a heart-wrenching story, but if a picture speaks a thousand words, most of the words associated with this photo are misleading. What is not true, is the story itself. It is a misrepresentation that has become a myth, that is repeated each Veterans Day.

Myth: Americans bombed Trang Bang, Viet Nam, and burned Kim Phuc, the girl in the famous photo.

Fact: As stated by the photographer himself, Nick Ut, and clearly shown on film, the Viet Nam Air Force (VNAF) dropped the bombs that hurt Kim. This was witnessed and reported by UPI television correspondent Christopher Wain, and also reported at the time, by noted correspondent Peter Arnett. Other journalists who were not there, through assumption, sloppy work, or malice, have since reported that the attack was by US aircraft, and have further embellished the story with time. Most of the commercials for the recent A&E documentary, and indeed, the host on the broadcast, said that the documentary would show "the American commander who ordered the bombing". That statement is not true.

Myth: The bombers attacked the village of Trang Bang.

Fact: The fighters were actually striking outside the village, hitting the fortifications of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) troops that had been prepared just before and during the three day battle. The village itself was not the target of the air strike.

Myth: Kim and her family were hurt when the Buddhist pagoda in which they took refuge was bombed, and took a direct hit.

Fact: Kim herself has stated that they left the pagoda, to run along the road, when they were hit. The pagoda was not targeted, and was not hit. The "colored markers" she has mentioned were smoke grenades, used to identify the friendly positions. When Kim and the others, including ARVN soldiers, ran from the pagoda and away from the village, they were spotted by the pilot of a Vietnamese fighter. The pilot saw people with weapons running toward the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) positions, where the journalists and photographers were also located. In a split-second decision to protect the ARVN troops from what he saw as a threat, the Vietnamese pilot diverted from his target and dove to attack the group, as reported by eyewitness UPI television correspondent Christopher Wain.

Myth: The fighting was conducted by or included American forces.

Fact: Trang Bang, in June of 1972, was an all-Vietnamese fight, with ARVN troops fighting their former and future countrymen, and requesting support from their own air force. American aircraft probably assisted with air support at some time during the three-day battle, but Vietnamese were fighting Vietnamese at Trang Bang, and when Kim was burned, it was they who called for help from Vietnamese flown aircraft. Even the photographer was Vietnamese, although he later became a US citizen. The only Americans involved were two advisors, one an infantry officer with the troops at the scene of battle, and the other in an assistant coordination assignment more than 80 kilometers away. Both officers were in positions with absolutely no command authority.

Myth: A recent report stated that nerve gas was used in the attack.

Fact: American or South Vietnamese forces never used Nerve gas. The canisters dropped by the VNAF fighter that injured Kim and her countrymen were napalm, a type of jellied gasoline bomb that was developed by our British allies in WWII, to knock out enemy troops in trenches and fortifications.

Myth: Kim's two brothers and two cousins were killed by the bombs.

Fact: Two of Kim's cousins died from the bombs that injured Kim, but her brothers were not killed. The same bombs that burned Kim, also hit and burned ARVN soldiers.

Myth: The American commander ordered the bombing.

Fact: There was no American commander at the scene of the fighting, no American commander involved in supporting the battle, and no American commander in the entire country who ordered that strike. It was an all-Vietnamese fight, conducted and controlled by Vietnamese. The Methodist minister who came forward to accept Kim Phuc's forgiveness at the Viet Nam Veterans Memorial on Veterans Day 1996, is a former American officer, but was not a commander, and had no command authority. He was a low level staff officer on the staff of the American advisors, in an assignment without authority even to directly coordinate actions with VNAF, much less command, order, or direct any activity. As the battle raged, he was working in a bunker more than 80 kilometers from the fighting. His own Commanding General and the Operations Officer of the unit, both now retired General Officers, have clarified that he had no authority, capacity, or capability to order any Vietnamese aircraft to do anything. In fact, no one on the staff, or even the actual commander, could order the VNAF to take any action whatever. The staff officer who now grasps responsibility for the air strike was involved in a superficial manner, his participation consisting of no more than administratively releasing some sorties of VNAF aircraft back to VNAF control. This was essentially a clerical response to the VNAF command. This action included absolutely no command or control, nor did he have the authority not to release the sorties back to VNAF control, once the need had been established, and safety checks accomplished.

Myth: That famous photo stopped the war.

Fact: While it became an icon for the peace movement, by the time of the photo in June of 1972, almost all US ground forces had already been brought home from Viet Nam. Nine months later, after the signing of the Paris Peace Accord, all US combat forces were out of Viet Nam. The photo was embarrassing to the US government, but extremely damaging to the South Vietnamese government. It was a great propaganda tool for the Communists, and may have done more than any other photo to prevent the US Congress from allowing assistance to the South Vietnamese government when North Viet Nam launched the full scale invasion of that country in 1975.

Why does the myth continue? Because it is a dramatic photo, but for more than any other reason, because the woman whom the little girl has become, went to the Viet Nam Veterans' Memorial on Veteran's Day of 1996, looking to forgive. Did she know that the pilot who bombed her was one of her own countrymen, and not an American? Yes, she did. Did she ever say that the pilot was American? She does not have to. She was introduced as having been burned in an American ordered air strike. If you listen to her words, she is careful not to say the pilot was American, but most people assume that since she went to our nation's capitol to forgive him, the pilot must be American. She herself never says that Americans bombed her, but she does not correct the impression given by introductions, or narration during the documentaries, or previous interviews and broadcasts.

The story of the Methodist minister, who tearfully passed the message, "I am the one.", certainly encourages that myth.

This "feel good" message of peace and forgiveness plays well to the American willingness to forgive and forget, and it justifies and soothes the collective conscience of those who were against American involvement in that war. It appears to be a politically sound strategy, which has resulted in Ms. Kim Phuc being appointed an ambassador of goodwill for UNESCO, and the formation of a foundation to solicit money on her behalf. One might do well to ask for the rest of the story, before sending a check of gratitude for her forgiveness. Ms. Kim's statements may be lovely, but must be viewed with the realization that while she is free to insinuate anything she pleases about the countries which give her refuge and support, she cannot freely criticize the Communist government of her former homeland. Although a political refugee in Canada, her relatives still live in Viet Nam.

Because of that, Ms. Kim and the Kim Foundation cannot place blame for the misplaced bombs on the Communists, who assaulted the village, and used civilians for cover. Nor would the Communists donate money, for they care little about this kind of forgiveness. It is imprudent to offer to forgive the government of South Viet Nam, whose air force conducted the strike, because that government no longer exists, and cannot contribute anything for the forgiveness. Only the people of the Western Democracies, and the US most of all, are in a position to feel enough gratitude for this unselfish "forgiveness", because of public perceptions of the myth surrounding this story, to respond with their donations and support. According to the producers of one documentary, the donations flow in each time the story is aired.

Times have also improved for the Methodist minister. During the year since he came forward to share what he grasped as his responsibility for the agony of the little girl, this minister of a small church has addressed more people than he had addressed in his entire life, prior to that day at The Wall.

The minister has stated that he has never sought publicity, but that publicity sought him. That seems odd, since he and Kim were involved in setting up the meeting far in advance of Veterans Day. It would seem that since Kim Phuc knew that she would be meeting him that day, a man not seeking publicity would choose to meet in a less public place than the Viet Nam Veterans Memorial. Instead, while appearing not to want the publicity, they chose to meet near the cameras and microphones of the media representatives there to record Kim's offer of forgiveness, to the country and the men who did not burn her. It was left to the media to seek out and "uncover" the story.

Personal guilt is something borne sooner by some than others, and few could deny the right to feel whatever personal responsibility one might care to feel for having been even remotely involved in any way with this incident. But personal responsibility entails a personal forgiveness, and not a contrived public confession that implies that the Myth Of The Girl In The Photo is true.

To some, this seems to be a story where everyone wins. For certain people, perhaps, but not for the memory of the men who fought and died in Viet Nam, and certainly not for the well being of the ones who fought and tried to come back home. For the dead, it is only their memories that suffer. For those yet alive, Veterans Day now brings the reminder that no matter how well and honorably they served their country, they have to continue to live with the myth of the little girl in the photo.

The world press once again says, through stories that rely on hyped-up reports exaggerated for a quarter of a century, that these veterans and their country did that terrible thing to the cute little girl. A small-town minister accepts the blame for all of us, when he cries, "I am the one responsible for the girl's agony." So all veterans have to see her pain, and feel her pain, and know that the people of their own country, and the people of the world, are once again being told, erroneously, that they are the ones who did that terrible deed.

Who is being wronged now?

LINK
209 posted on 02/01/2004 5:29:52 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it
Good grief. Yes, that's the other photo I remembered. Absolutely everything the media told us about the war was a lie.

They are trying to do it again. We won't let them get away with it this time. Petah Jennings and his band of Baghdad Bobs came go stuff themselves.
210 posted on 02/01/2004 6:40:53 AM PST by Samwise (There are other forces at work in this world, Frodo, besides the will of evil.)
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To: Samwise
Amen. We are no longer so blind. It's too bad many still are but I think a larger part of us are much wiser now.
211 posted on 02/01/2004 6:42:36 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: SAMWolf
I got my feet burned when I tried to wade out into a containment pond of JP5 after it had just quit burning looking for satchel charges when the POL farm at Long Bien was hit. It never dawned on me the stuff was still hot. I was to embarrassed for being so stupid to say anything about it. I had to swear two of my men to silence who were amused by the little dance I was doing up and down the road.
212 posted on 02/01/2004 7:41:27 AM PST by U S Army EOD (Volunteer for EOD and you will never have to worry about getting wounded.)
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To: snippy_about_it; SAMWolf
Morning Glory Snip & Sam~

Great work . . . if only we knew then what we know today (and had a President with the vision to let the military do it's job). Nam Vets will always be my heroes.

213 posted on 02/01/2004 7:52:28 AM PST by w_over_w (Factoid: On average 12 newborns will be given to the wrong parents daily. Well?)
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To: W04Man
Morning WO4Man. Thanks for the link
214 posted on 02/01/2004 7:57:32 AM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: snippy_about_it
Thanks Snippy. The two most dramatic images of Vietnam used to criticize the war and both are based on lies and distortions. No Liberal Press agenda right?
215 posted on 02/01/2004 8:02:02 AM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: U S Army EOD
I had to swear two of my men to silence who were amused by the little dance I was doing up and down the road.I probably would have been one of the guys laughest the hardest. ;-)
216 posted on 02/01/2004 8:03:25 AM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: w_over_w
Morning w_over_w.

Makes one wonder, if the Internet had been available would things have been different?
217 posted on 02/01/2004 8:04:39 AM PST by SAMWolf (We secretly replaced the dilithium crystals with Folgers crystals...)
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To: w_over_w
Nam Vets will always be my heroes.

I couldn't agree more!

Good morning w over w.

218 posted on 02/01/2004 8:22:39 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: SAMWolf
Thanks Snippy

You're welcome. The left really was in control during Vietnam.

219 posted on 02/01/2004 8:24:45 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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Comment #220 Removed by Moderator


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