Posted on 08/16/2005 1:48:10 PM PDT by NYer
The difference is very simple.
NFP involves the use of abstinence. It forces the couple to control and curb their sexual appetite, the lust of which along with gluttony and hatred is at the root of the concupiscence of original sin. It is always good for a Christian couple to abstain from sexual intercourse every so often to devote themselves more to prayer. If we do not curb our sexual appetite, our mind will become overwhelmed with thoughts of lust to the exclusion of God.
Artifical contraception involves the use of various measures to thwart the proper working of the human body. Its purpose is to allow full throttle indulgment in the sexual appetite.
Can you see the difference? Its not the end, but the means.
There is nothing per se wrong with the end of being married and not wanting a child right now, provided one does want children, and there in fact may be very good reasons for it because of finances or medical conditions. But the proper way of attaining that end is abstinence.
Sitetests comparison of artificial birth control to bullimia is spot on. These are identical disorders.
Means are as important as outcomes in moral discussions.
Neither.
Couple A is especially abominable because they obviously had an intention to avoid all conception of children, which effectively renders their marriage null and void, since they effectively make themselves eunuchs.
There is an obligation for married couples to have children. This is not a part of sexual morality, but social justice arising from obligations towards society - "Be frutiful and multiply". Catholic Moralists had much discussion of this question in the middle of the last century. In North America, they came to the conclusion that there is a requirement to at least have 4-5 children if possible given the age of the couple at marriage. In Europe, they came to the conclusion that a couple should not abstain from allowing conception for a period of longer than 4-5 years. Both sets of moralists held this out as proper conditions only for our time and lands, noting they might be different in other times and other places. For example, in the time of the Holy Fathers of the Church while Rome still ruled the world, it was quite common for a couple to only have 1-3 children and then to abstain from sexual intercourse for the rest of their marriage to allow greater devotion to prayer.
Actually, the words used by the Sacred Penitentiary in the 19th century under Bl. Pius IX and Leo XIII, and by recent teachings of Paul VI and John Paul II in the 20th century use the words "just reasons" (see the Catechism, #2346). The words: "grave reasons" appears only in Pius XII's allocution.
If there are forseen medical conditions which would prevent the bearing of children should they be conceived, no marriage may be permitted to take place.
Or perhaps they have a disastrous marriage, but decide not to divorce due to their belief in the sanctity of their vows, in spite of the outcome.
It is difficult to understand how this could actually be the case.
The morality of human acts is judged based first on whether the end is worthy, neutral, or unworthy, and then whether the means used to achieve the end are worthy, neutral, or unworthy. The intent of a married coupld to not have children is a neutral end. It may or may not be acceptable depending upon the circumstances. The means of accomplishing this end must be at least neutral, and preferrably worthy.
The Catholic Church has ruled that it is unworthy to accomplish the end of avoiding a pregnancy by use of artifical methods, since this involves the act of giving in to unbridled lust and the frustration of a natural act.
The Catholic Church has also ruled that it is worthy to accomplish the end of avoiding a pregnancy by abstaining, since this tends to bring the sexual appertite under the control of right reason.
I don't understand why you cannot see this difference.
You forget the matter of intention. It never reduces to the simple mechanics.
If you are in doubt whether avoidance of pregnancy is valid, you can ask a priest. I am not one, and, like with any moral consideration, an insight into your internal disposition is required.
A general principle, I guess, is that if avoiding pregnancy is done for fear of true economic hardship, or health reasons, then it is valid. If some practical consideration is used as an excuse, and the real reason is selfishness, then it is not valid. It is God, not a police department that your need to find peace with.
My horse sense is that spacing the children to geve the mother a break form serial pregnancies is valid, and waiting till you get a raise so that each child has a separate bedroom is not valid.
The issue confounds you because it is countercultural, as is, in fact, all of Catholicism. For some reason you are not inclined to split hairs over Do Not Kill commandment in the same way you look for excuses with Be Fruitful and Multiply commandment. But they are both equally simple. If you want a hard issue, try Do Not Be Prideful. Imagine the hairs split over that. Yet, Pride is one of the seven deadly sins. We are simply conditioned to let some moral issues slide.
That, too, but it does not invalidate the defiance of God implicit in contraceptive behavior.
What you're saying is objectively untrue. NFP'ers have no more ability than any other non-contracepting couple to engage in "the pleasure of love-making WITHOUT the probability of conception" -- a woman using NFP has exactly the same number of infertile days in a month as a woman not using NFP.
The only difference is that the couple on NFP chooses to (a) discover when their fertile time is; and (b) abstain during that fertile time. They aren't "having sex without making a baby" anymore than anyone else is; they are simply not having sex when conception is more likely.
They are essentially bragging about the ability to NOT BRING LIFE INTO THE WORLD!
Are people who are single, chaste, and happy also "bragging about the ability to NOT BRING LIFE INTO THE WORLD"? Like NFP'ers, they also aren't having sexual relations during their fertile days. (In their case, they aren't having sexual relations during their infertile days, either.)
A basic principle of Catholic moral theology is that both the end and the means to bring about that end must be in accord with the moral law. "Not having babies" in some circumstances is a morally licit end. NFP is a morally licit means to that end; ABC is not.
In any case, if you're really a "diehard Catholic," you understand that the Church is the oracle of God, and you ought to trust what the Magisterium has said on the topic.
Every reason you give above is valid.
Catholic Moral Theologians have stated that the obligation to procreate children is a matter of social justice, and is limited by right reason to what society actually needs from you in the way of children. During the middle of the last century (~1930-1975) when there was some intense discussion on this topic, this was held to be at least 4 children. This provides for the replacement of the parents, making-up the deficit of those who never marry, marry late in life, or are infertile, and providing for a modest increase and an ability of society to absorb the vocations of celibate priests, monks, and nuns without causing a population decline. I don't see any reason this judgement needs to be changed, nor have any Moral Theologians suggested such.
The method of achieving this aim is then a matter of sexual morality, which dictates that artifical contraceptives and sterilization may not be used, but abstinence (whether periodic, longer term, or permanent) may be used.
I just have a problem, to a very large degree, with Letter of the law Catholics, and the NFP issue brings it to the fore more than any other Catholic issue I can think of. It is the splitting of hairs and that's where our discussion has gone here.
I sympathize with you brother. Catholic morality, no thanks to the casuists, is often presented as a Talmudic like quest for legalistic perfection in the face of problems. On the contrary, it is really the living of the basic norms of the Lord Jesus, and it neither involves nor needs a legalistic inquest.
That being said, the questions you first ask are poorly phrased. It is not a matter of whether or not your reasons are "valid", but whether they are "just". Something is "just" if it is aimed towards an end which is not immoral, and does not vitiate formal obligations of Christian life.
As I stated above, one obligation of Christian life for a married couple in the United States is to attempt to have at least 4 children, based on the divine command at our creation "be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it". Provided that you intend to accomplish this if temporally possible given your wife's age at marriage, and provided that her health is okay, and that you have sufficient time left in the fertile years of your wife to actually accomplish it, nearly any reason that might occur to a normal couple, such as those you give above, could be a just cause for using NFP for some time. The only reasons that would be unworthy would be a desire to avoid having at least 4 children out of misplaced financial reasoning as if everyone cannot afford to raise at least 4 children, or an active dislike for children, or various false beliefs that there are too many people or children in the world, etc., in other words a debased view of marriage and family life, an overly frugal view of financial reality, or a deranged view of the actual population situation in the world.
It follows from all of this that purposefully having more than 4 children is an act of supererogation - that is, a meritorious act above and beyond what everyone is obliged to fulfill which gives an increase of merit with regard to eternal salvation. Hence the glowing descriptions and praise of the Popes regarding large families. It is a wonderful thing to have a large family, but it is not an obligation, just like it is a wonderful thing to go to daily Mass, but not an obligation.
Unfortunately, the way too many Catholics present this issue is that NFP is illegitimate unless you are on the verge of starvation or foreclosure on your home or your wife would die in childbirth during the next delivery or you are actually homeless. That simply is not the case at all.
The real practical application is one of freedom in the Lord. Provided you are acting uprightly towards your marriage obligations towards society to have children and each other to maintain marital affection and prevent alienation or solitary sins, you and your spouse may choose to have intercourse as often or infrequently as you wish, and no one should judge you or the results, providing you never frustrate the natural act. This last proviso referring not only to the use of artifical birth control and sterilization and onanism, but also the disgusting practices of heterosexual consummated male passive oral or female passive rectal sodomy.
I hope this helps.
Pope Pius XII authoritatively taught that "engaging in sexual intercourse while avoiding the will to fecundity without a sufficiently grave reason is a sin against the very nature of married life." Do you object to the Church's teaching on this issue because it took place before "V2"?
Use of artifical contraception is a sin against both sexual morality and social justice. However, if one changes one's contraceptive technique from artifical birth control to natural abstinence (periodic or not) to eliminate the sin against sexual morality, yet fails to change the contraceptive motive of wishing to avoid children you are obliged to have as a matter of social justice, a mortal sin remains, and in fact, it may be a sin so great that it invalidates one's previously attempted marriage, since a prior intent to not have children is grounds for an annulment, regardless of the use or not of artificial birth control to achieve that intention.
Max, I've continually invited you to allow Pius XII and others to be read based on the interpretation given by the approved Theologians of the Church, in harmony with the pronouncements of his predecessors and sucessors in the Pontificate, rather than attempting to make an interpretation by ourselves.
Your continued promotion of the view that all Catholics are obliged on pain of mortal sin to have as large a family as naturally occurs without ever attempting to limit it in numbers short of extremely severe medical or economic indicators is simply wrong and in total contradiction to the unanimous opinion of Catholic Moralists and the express views of the Holy See in the decisions of the Sacred Penitentiary which began the whole discussion of periodic abstinence in modern times.
You are laying up non-existant burdens upon people. The Sacred Penitentiary in its response of June 16, 1880 said "Married couples who use their marriage rights in the aforesaid manner are not to be disturbed". But you continue to disturb them by accusing them of non-existant sins and making them equivalent to users of artifical contraceptives. Why? Do you really think you have a better grasp on Catholic moral law than the Sacred Penitentiary, and the approved theologians?
Reliance upon God's divine providence is not a burden -- quite the opposite -- it is a joy. Pope Pius XI and Pope Pius XII were clear and consistent in their teaching. I have already provided links to their 3 most relevant documents -- documents that were cited numerous times in Vatican II's "Gaudium et Spes," to cite just one significant magisterial example.
The links are there -- I encourage everyone to read them for themselves and then to decide for themselves. See what Pope Pius XI really said in Casti Connubii and what Pope Pius XII really said in his Allocution to Italian Midwives and his Address to Large Families.
http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5370&longdesc
http://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/P11CASTI.HTM
http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/P511029.HTM
I believe that everyone who takes the time to read these authoritative statements for themselves will discover a Catholic theology of marriage that is reasonable, consistent, liberating, joyful, and faithful to 2000 years of Christian teaching. Unfortunately, it's hard to see how any of those terms can be applied to the currently-popular cheese-paring approach to marriage.
For those, and perhaps this may include you Hermann, who say, "It would fulfill the deepest wishes of my heart if only I could accept children joyfully and gratefully from God in whatever number He chooses to send them, but alas it is impossible in this day and age," I urge you to attend a Traditional Catholic chapel where you are likely to meet many inspiring examples of families who are proving that it is not impossible. Our own chapel has literally dozens of families who have not limited their fruitfulness in any way, and who have been privileged to receive many blessings from God.
Rather than search for exceptions and excuses, they have wholeheartedly accepted the admonition of the Church:
Infuse into the spirit and heart of the mother and father the esteem, desire, joy, and the loving welcome of the newly born right from its first cry. The child, formed in the mother's womb, is a gift of God, Who entrusts its care to the parents.With what delicacy and charm does the Sacred Scripture show the gracious crown of children united around the father's table! Children are the recompense of the just, as sterility is very often the punishment for the sinner.
Hearken to the divine word expressed with the insuperable poetry of the Psalm: "Your wife, as a fruitful vine within your house, your children as olive shoots round about your table. Behold, thus is that man blessed, who fears the Lord!", while of the wicked it is written: "May his posterity be given over to destruction; may their name be blotted out in the next generation".
Thanks for the correction - I was paraphrasing from memory, rather than looking up the documents at the time. (I also had a disaster involving a baby, a bowl of cereal, and a diaper, right in the middle of posting.)
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