"At the time the 14th Amendment was ratified, individuals and joint stock companies were appealing for congressional and administrative protection against invidious and discriminating state and local taxes... That complaints of oppression in respect of property and other rights made by citizens of northern states who took up residence in the South were rife in and out of Congresss, none of us can forget... those who devised the 14th Amendment... planted in the Constitution a monumental truth to stand four square to whatever wind might blow. That truth is but the golden rule, so entrenched as to curb the many who would do to the few as they would not have the few do to them."
- Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), collaberator in the 14th Amendment, from Supreme Court testimony