Normal "light" (i.e. visible wavelengths) don't. However, the very highly energetic photons of X-rays cause the water (and other molecules) in the meat to form free radicals, which can then react to produce tiny amounts of chemicals that can change the taste (in SOME products--not all). The other form of radiation used for sterilization (electron beams) does the same kind of thing.
Now, all this sounds highly suspect, until you realize that the cooking process itself ALSO generates free radicals and forms most (if not all) of the same products.
Besides, infra-red radiation (light) is what cooks meat in the first place.