I think I heard somewhere that the total mass of the asteroid belt is only about 1/4th of a planet, debunking the "exploded planet" theory.
Another interesting theory is Bode's Law, that the orbital distances of the planets are roughly 4+3x2^n where n is the position in the sequence (divide by 10 to get Astronomical Units). Mercury (4)/10 = .4AU (36MM miles), Venus (4+3x2^0)/10 = .7AU (67MM), Earth (4+3x2^1)/10 = 1AU (93MM), Mars (4+3x2^2)/10 = 1.6AU (141MM), Ceres (4+3x2^3)/10 = 2.8AU, Jupiter (4+3x2^4)/10 = 5.2AU (483MM), Saturn (4+3x2^5)/10 = 10AU(886MM), Uranus (4+3x2^6)/10 = 19.6AU(1,783MM). The "law" breaks down after Uranus. The intersting thing is that the asteroid belt fits right where the next planet ought to be.
-PJ
Since there's not much of a way to guess what size the planet in question originally was, or how it exploded, and therefore, how much of its mass would rightfully be expected to remain in a matching orbit, that seems like a rather doubtful datapoint to me.
You have to fudge a little to make Bode's law fit our solar system. Not much, but enough to leave room for doubt. Their are other possible explanations that haven't been exhausted yet.
That's right, there isn't enough mass in the Asteroid Belt. So the mystery continues.
See my post # 238