But does the term include any and all such objects as might be used for such purpose? If so, on what items is the government allowed to place taxes or any other restriction?
IMHO, and the Court in Miller seemed to take this view, the prefatory phrase of the Second Amendment serves to clarify that the "Arms" protected thereby are those artifacts which could be used effectively as weapons in the context of a well-functioning citizen army.
M-16 clearly included. Glock 19 clearly included. Cane gun, perhaps not.