You are focusing on the number of Senators who would have been appointed from Democrat states, implying that they'd support the filibuster. I focus on the interests that those Senators would be representing. We have such partisan hatred today because the Senators are rogue politicians who form their own "gangs" in the Senate (the Dems and the Reps, each with their own colors and symbols). They stand together as a bloc once they are elected, and they are elected by a nationally-managed coalition (called the RNC and DNC) that funds their campaigns.
If you had Senators appointed by state legislatures, I believe that you won't see the cohesion that you see today where Democrats and Republicans form blocs to preserve their national interests -- you'd see more loosely coupled relationships that come and go whenever state interests coincide.
-PJ