[Blue Screen of Death]

Gramm immediately resigned and ran for re-election as a Republican.

Gramm has honor and class. If he wanted to he could have run for his own seat this time, counted on Perry getting elected and then resiging and letting a Republican governor appoint his replacement. This would have eliminated the threat Kirk made to that senate seat. In other words it would have been Gramm vs Kirk with Conryn as the winner.

[SwinneySwitch]

Phil Gramm said, at the time, "I didn't leave the Democrat Party, the party left me."