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Posted on 10/17/2001 12:18:58 PM PDT by junebug54
Billy Graham - Sept 14, 2001 There is one thing about what happened (last Tuesday/Friday) that came in under the radar and escaped many Christians. For the first time in history, one man (Billy Graham) spoke the Gospel to the entire world at the same time. He gave the sermon at the National Memorial Service and was broadcast on every major television station in the U.S. and by satellite to the world.Every country in the world received this broadcast...and because it was a Geo-Political event, every leader watched and heard it translated into his/her language. Many ministers have their messages broadcast in other countries and carried around the world, but this is the first time that the entire world listened to the Gospel preached at one time. The World and All its leaders tuned in and heard the gospel. Never before has one individual preached to the leaders of the world and their country at one time.Mark 13:10 - And the Gospel must first be preached to all the nations Matthew 24:14 - And this Gospel of the King shall be preached in the whole world for a witness to all the nations and the end shall come. Romans 10 - whole chapter - particularly verse 18.One thought on this is that through Billy Graham today, Biblical prophecy was fulfilled. As we listened to him, retail stores had the entire service broadcast throughout every speaker in the store's audio system. It was on virtually every TV and radio station and people across America held hands and wept before God. Some say that the Holy Spirit came upon Billy Graham just as it did upon John the Baptist announcing the Kingdom of God is at hand. Some also believe that this is the most significant prophecy to be fulfilled since Israel became a nation in 1948. Agree or not, it was staggering to hear this. Scripture tells us often, to watch, take heed, and stay alert, for we do not know when the appointed time is.Mark 13:33. FYI
Dan, I know that you were trying to be charitable, but the "original poster" has told us what he meant in #99. It isn't pretty.
BTW, even though the casual observor might think that we are on opposite ends of the "what must I do to be saved?" question, that is not the case. You have stated the role of faith, originating out of God's grace. I stressed God's operation in bringing grace. I believe that our posts on the requirements for salvation are quite complimentary.
I too was "offically" Catholic when God moved in my heart,He made me hunger for His word and for more understanding than you could get from a Sunday Mass.
I guess I dont know the scriptures that outline different ways to be saved.I just think of the one that tell us "there is no other name under heaven by which a man must be saved".So I guess you and I can agree that He is the way the truth and the light and that no man comes to the Father but by Him. So we are really talking about the "outward" works of a church right??
BTW..a very good priest once told me to always pray to the holy Spirit before I read my Bible...that He will always lead us into all truth..
You hammered out your own theology?????
Officially, I'm born of God; in him I live and move and have my being.
Read your bible. Jesus told different people they had to do different things to be saved. Different strokes for different folks.
Specific examples please!
For by grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God--not by works, lest any man should boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath beforehand ordained, that we should walk in them.Sounds like you have a works based salvation to me!
Appears you hammered it out WITHOUT the Holy Spirit being involved.
Put your money where your mouth is. Love one another.
Ah, yes, I can see your love for others.
Jesus told different people they had to do different things to be saved. Different strokes for different folks.
Please furnish Scripture to back up this statement. Book, chapter and verse.
Worry about the mote in your own eye before trying to remove the beam from others' eyes. In contemporary language, mind your own business.
Is this some of that "love one another" you hammered out?
But you do have to be a Premillenialist.
I'm not, and I don't buy that Israel has some special place set apart for it as a nation, beyond the place that the Israeli Christians hold due to their faith.
Been done before. Paul, formely Saul of Tarsus, approx 58 AD.
II Chronicles 36:22 In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and to put it in writing: 23 "This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: "`The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Anyone of his people among you--may the LORD his God be with him, and let him go up.'"
The Jews were allowed to return to Jerusalem and the Temple was rebuilt.(approx 537 BC)
I Thessalonians 4: 15 According to the Lord's own word, we tell you that we who are still alive, who are left till the coming of the Lord, will certainly not precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 (a)For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God,(b) and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 (c)After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. (d)And so we will be with the Lord forever. (up in the air with Him, not on earth)18 Therefore encourage each other with these words.
2 Peter 3: 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a loud noise, and the elements will be dissolved with fire, and the earth and the works that are upon it will be burned up.
No atmosphere (heavens), no elements, no earth.
Gone, burnt up, incinerated.
No one is coming back. Nothing to come back to.
When He comes, everyone will be leaving. Either with Him or away from Him.
Thousand year Kingships in Jerusalem, invading Chinese armies and Jesus sneaking into Jerusalem is more like tabloid Christianity. It flies in the face of plain, straight forward scripture.
The question remains! BTW, the NKJV is my carry Bible so I already know what it says.
You can't be that ignorant to not know this, since you've quoted some other Bible study tools. I would say that you are trying to put forth an errant and heretical doctrine of God -- rather than to enlightened and teach those about the Word of God and who God is.
To make it clear to others, who may not have studied this, it's very clear to many other qualified and respected Bible teachers (plus many other translated versions) that God is not the author of unrighteousness -- and thus the meaning of the word (which was translated by some as "evil") is not attributable to God in the sense that you seem to want to maintain (or that others may want to maintain [i.e., that of "unrighteousness"]). The end goal of those who try to confuse and obfuscate on this issue (and on this verse) is exactly to attribute unrighteousness to God. And the Bible is clear on that. They use the misunderstanding of original languages, plus a "perversion" in their own souls -- to attribute such things to God.
It all comes down to the definitions of the word that you apply. Now, either one applies the definition that they wish to apply from some pre-conceived notions and personal preferences -- or -- one applies the definition which was intended by the author. As we all know, the author of the Bible is God. If one has a problem at that point (as to who the author is), then we're having another problem here aside from the definitions of words.
So, I assume that one is agreed that the author of the Bible is God who superintended and guided the people He chose -- in order to pen the words He chose.
Thus, when one gets into this, one has to determine what the meaning is from what one understands of the nature and character of God and from what He has written to us in other places (in His word). Since we know that God does not change (His mind or His nature) and that He does not lie and that He is righteous -- then we use those things, plus His word in other parts of the Bible -- to determine "meaning and defintion" to words and passages. They must all be consistent with the whole -- or we change and twist God's word.
Having said that -- even in a normal and everyday sense -- the way we use words is exactly the methodology that is going on here in Isaiah 45:7. We use words which are intended to "convey meaning" according to context (and, of course, according to what we intend). Now, that means that words (which we can see from Websters Dictionary, even) have several different meanings -- even when we use the same words -- here -- and then -- there.
This is the exact methodology that is going on here. You must keep in mind, we're using these words in English, too -- which is sort of a liability to us, since they were penned in Hebrew. We have another "layer of complexity" to see our way through.
Right away -- what you have (clearly you see this, without a doubt) that there are different ENGLISH translations (which are not the original) which have tried to "define" the meaning of the word as (1) evil and (2) calamity. What this shows is that the translators have tried to put the meaning on the word in a context that is clearly understood by the contemporary reader (who has an English language understanding). You're operating from that English language understanding when you use the word "evil" and when you use the word "calamity". The question here is which most closely represents what God intended, according to who He is -- and according to the original language with which He had the verse penned?
We can get some "clues" from the experts (who do translating) simply by reading various translations and seeing what those experts came up with in doing their work (to provide us with our "contemporary language" from the "original Hebrew")
One quote which sums it up pretty well (and there is a lot of scholarship on this, so it's not unique) is the following --
Evil as the Responsibility of God. While moral evil is never imputed to God, there is often a connection made between Yahweh and ra [[;r], roa, and raa [[;['r]. The classical reference, Isaiah 45:7, wherein God is called creator of evil would then refer to physical destruction, rather than moral evil, as the parallel term "maker of peace" would seem to render conclusive. God's judgments are not moral evil, else they would hardly be called judgments, but are physical, and called evil because of the adverse effects.
This is from Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology
And it starts off this section by saying the following -- which all should know and consider --
As a prerequisite for any discussion of evil, moral evil must be distinguished from physical or natural evil. This essay uses the term "moral evil" to include both social offenses (ethics—murder, theft) and cultic sins (those offenses aimed directly against the deity—blasphemy, idolatry). Moral evil, therefore, whether its setting be cultic or social, when carried out may be considered a sin. That cultic and ethical values were one and the same in the Hebraic mind may be illustrated by the similar penalties exacted for the severest offenses in either category (death, being cut off). Cultic values are addressed in the first four of the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:3-11; Deut 5:7-15) and by the first of Jesus' "Great Commandments" (Matt 22:37-40; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27; cf. Deut 6:5); ethics are considered in the last six of the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:12-17; Deut 5:16-21) and by the second "Great Commandment" (Lev 19:18).
Accordingly, what is morally good is not what human society decides is in its best interest, but what the revealed will of God declares. There can be no biblical ethics that stand apart from cult nor a biblical morality apart from theology. Instead, morality is defined by theology, which carries within it certain cultic affirmations and prohibitions together with the ethical. For example, the same Decalogue that declares that stealing and murder are wrong likewise forbids idolatry and blasphemy. What makes these things wrong is not some abstract quality called "the good" as sought by philosophers in time past. Instead, what constitutes social evil is what is so defined by God, and in that respect (i.e., as to why a given act is good or bad), differs little from cultic evil. There are, therefore, no grounds for the oft-repeated error wherein the "moral law" (the ethical) is in some way distinguished from the "ceremonial law" (the cultic) in Israel's values system. There can be no such distinction! That which is ethical is right because God has declared it so; the cultic portions of the Law likewise determine what is right for the same reason. Because of this, cult and ethics often appear fused in the Bible, as in Cain's admission of guilt for a faulty sacrifice and the murder of his brother (Gen 4:13); a similar fusion of the cultic and the ethical occurs in Genesis 15:16 ("the sin of the Amorites"), where idolatry and unethical activity are considered as one.
There is the complete portion for the word "evil" below -- for Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Anyone can go through it and see clearly this is exactly what is meant by evil not being unrighteousness -- but rather -- calamity and distress and trouble.
Let's try another example -- of various other commonly used translations of the Bible.
Isaiah 45:7 [NKJV 1982, Thomas Nelson]
I form the light and create darkness, I make peace
and create calamity; I, the Lord, do all these
things.'
Isaiah 45:7 [NASB 1995, Lockman Foundation]
The One forming light and creating darkness, Causing
well-being and creating calamity ; I am the LORD who
does all these.
Isaiah 45:7 [RSV]
I form light and create darkness, I make weal and
create woe, I am the LORD, who do all these things.
Isaiah 45:7 [NIV 1984, International Bible Society]
I form the light and create darkness, I bring
prosperity and create disaster; I, the LORD, do all
these things.
And, if we were to get a definition of the English word -- evil -- from Websters dictionary, we see the following --
Main Entry: evil
Function: noun
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the fact of suffering, misfortune, and wrongdoing
b : a cosmic evil force
2 : something that brings sorrow, distress, or calamity
We see that the English usage (not to say anything about the Biblical usage in the original language) also includes (as part of the normal "definition") the idea of sorrow, distress and/or calamity. This is from a secular source, not to say anything about a theological source.
You included the following, listing the various places that the original language word was used and the various "English words" which were used for the translation of it. As you can see, the same word (in the original) was used many different ways in English (which is what we're looking at).
And with the list of various "definitions" below -- we also see that it includes definitions which fit exactly into what the many Bible commentators say and explain is the meaning of this word -- in the context of who God is and in the context of the rest of the Bible (when choosing an English word to us for our "contemporary understanding").
ra` {rah} from 7489; TWOT - 2191a,2191c
AV - evil 442, wickedness 59, wicked 25, mischief 21, hurt 20, bad 13,
trouble 10, sore 9, affliction 6, ill 5, adversity 4, favoured 3, harm 3,
naught 3, noisome 2, grievous 2, sad 2, misc 34; 663 adj
1) bad, evil
1a) bad, disagreeable, malignant
1b) bad, unpleasant, evil (giving pain, unhappiness, misery)
1c) evil, displeasing
1d) bad (of its kind - land, water, etc)
1e) bad (of value)
1f) worse than, worst (comparison)
1g) sad, unhappy
1h) evil (hurtful)
1i) bad, unkind (vicious in disposition)
1j) bad, evil, wicked (ethically)
1j1) in general, of persons, of thoughts
1j2) deeds, actions n m
2) evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity
2a) evil, distress, adversity
2b) evil, injury, wrong
2c) evil (ethical) n f
3) evil, misery, distress, injury
3a) evil, misery, distress
3b) evil, injury, wrong
3c) evil (ethical)
With the following, we have several commentaries, referring to this verse and that word.
The 1599 Geneva Study Bible -- Originally printed in 1560, believers can read the Scripture along with study assistance unashamedly rooted in the theology of Calvin, Luther, Zwingli, and other Reformation leaders.
45:7 I form the [h] light, and create darkness: I
make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these
[things].
[h] I send peace and war, prosperity and adversity, as
in (Amos 3:6).
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -- This one volume commentary was prepared by Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown and published in 1871.
Isaiah 45, verse 7: "form" . . . "create"-- yatzar, to give "form" to previously existing matter. Bara, to "create" from nothing the chaotic dark material.
"light" . . . "darkness" -- literally (Genesis 1:1-3), emblematical also, prosperity to Cyrus, calamity to Babylon and the nations to be vanquished [GROTIUS] . . . Isaiah refers also to the Oriental belief in two coexistent, eternal principles, ever struggling with each other, light or good, and darkness or evil, Oromasden and Ahrimanen. God, here, in opposition, asserts His sovereignty over both [VITRINGA].
"create evil" -- not moral evil (James 1:13), but in contrast to "peace" in the parallel clause, war, disaster (compare Psalms 65:7, Amos 3:6).
And the following are the verses referred to in the above section --
James 1:13
Let no one say when he is tempted, "I am tempted by
God"; for God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He
Himself tempt anyone.
Psalm 65:7
You who still the noise of the seas, The noise of
their waves, And the tumult of the peoples.
Amos 3:6
If a trumpet is blown in a city, will not the people
be afraid? If there is calamity in a city, will not
the Lord have done it?
Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible -- Originally written in 1706, Matthew Henry's six volume Complete Commentary provides an exhaustive look at every verse in the Bible.
(v. 7): I form the light, which is grateful and pleasing, and I create darkness, which is grievous and unpleasing. I make peace (put here for all good) and I create evil, not the evil of sin (God is not the author of that), but the evil of punishment. I the Lord order, and direct, and do all these things.
Verses 5-10 There is no God beside Jehovah. There is nothing done without him. He makes peace, put here for all good; and creates evil, not the evil of sin, but the evil of punishment. He is the Author of all that is true, holy, good, or happy; and evil, error, and misery, came into the world by his permission, through the wilful apostacy of his creatures, but are restrained and overruled to his righteous purpose. This doctrine is applied, for the comfort of those that earnestly longed, yet quietly waited, for the redemption of Israel. The redemption of sinners by the Son of God, and the pouring out the Spirit, to give success to the gospel, are chiefly here intended. We must not expect salvation without righteousness; together the Lord hath created them. Let not oppressors oppose God's designs for his people. Let not the poor oppressed murmur, as if God dealt unkindly with them. Men are but earthen pots; they are broken potsherds, and are very much made so by mutual contentions. To contend with Him is as senseless as for clay to find fault with the potter. Let us turn God's promises into prayers, beseeching him that salvation may abound among us, and let us rest assured that the Judge of all the earth will do right.
John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible -- John Wesley's commentary on the whole Bible was produced between 1754 and 1765.
Isaiah 45:7 Light - All mens comforts and calamities come from thy hand.
Chuck Smith's Study Guide for Isaiah
Isaiah 45 v.7 -- Hebrew word translated "evil" here means "sorrow, wretchedness, calamity, adversity or affliction."
The following is the full portion for the word EVIL in Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology .
Evil [N]
As a prerequisite for any discussion of evil, moral evil must be distinguished from physical or natural evil. This essay uses the term "moral evil" to include both social offenses (ethics—murder, theft) and cultic sins (those offenses aimed directly against the deity—blasphemy, idolatry). Moral evil, therefore, whether its setting be cultic or social, when carried out may be considered a sin. That cultic and ethical values were one and the same in the Hebraic mind may be illustrated by the similar penalties exacted for the severest offenses in either category (death, being cut off). Cultic values are addressed in the first four of the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:3-11; Deut 5:7-15) and by the first of Jesus' "Great Commandments" (Matt 22:37-40; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27; cf. Deut 6:5); ethics are considered in the last six of the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:12-17; Deut 5:16-21) and by the second "Great Commandment" (Lev 19:18).
Accordingly, what is morally good is not what human society decides is in its best interest, but what the revealed will of God declares. There can be no biblical ethics that stand apart from cult nor a biblical morality apart from theology. Instead, morality is defined by theology, which carries within it certain cultic affirmations and prohibitions together with the ethical. For example, the same Decalogue that declares that stealing and murder are wrong likewise forbids idolatry and blasphemy. What makes these things wrong is not some abstract quality called "the good" as sought by philosophers in time past. Instead, what constitutes social evil is what is so defined by God, and in that respect (i.e., as to why a given act is good or bad), differs little from cultic evil. There are, therefore, no grounds for the oft-repeated error wherein the "moral law" (the ethical) is in some way distinguished from the "ceremonial law" (the cultic) in Israel's values system. There can be no such distinction! That which is ethical is right because God has declared it so; the cultic portions of the Law likewise determine what is right for the same reason. Because of this, cult and ethics often appear fused in the Bible, as in Cain's admission of guilt for a faulty sacrifice and the murder of his brother (Gen 4:13); a similar fusion of the cultic and the ethical occurs in Genesis 15:16 ("the sin of the Amorites"), where idolatry and unethical activity are considered as one.
If God is the definer of what is good (2 Sam 10:12; Mark 10:18; Luke 18:19), right (Gen 18:25), and just (Job 34:12), it is not surprising that the Bible never attributes moral or cultic evil to him (Job 34:10). Indeed, he hates evil (Psalm 5:6) and is the avenging judge who punishes those who practice it (Isa 31:2; Micah 2:1).
On the other hand, what ethicists term physical evil (or, natural evil) is often connected with the activities of God, and thus demonstrates the importance of defining these categories before discussing the subject further. An ethicist may distinguish these two types of evil thus: (1) moral evil, which is real if any intellectual being knowingly does anything he or she ought not to have done without being compelled to do it; and (2) physical evil, which is real if some beings have suffered in situations caused by nonrational beings, or through actions of rational beings acting nonrationally.
Moral Evil and Sin. Distinguishing moral evil from sin is no simple task, yet it must be attempted before any discussion may proceed further. First, it is important to differentiate a sin (an individual expression of sin) from generic sin, the condition that gives rise to its expression. An individual sin, as mentioned earlier, is an acting out of cultic or social evil. But generic sin) is the condition that gives rise to the evil expressed in the individual sin.
However sin and evil may be considered by a secularist, the theological perspective held by the Bible that presupposes an involvement by God in his creation and an active will of God governing that creation requires that evil assume a theological dimension. Accordingly, moral evil finds its roots in disobedience, whether deliberate or accidental, premeditated or unpremeditated, cultic or ethical, to the revealed will of God, and as such, becomes associated with generic sin and virtually synonymous with wickedness. The stress in the Old Testament lies not on the conceptual, but in the practical outworking of a state of disharmony with God and one's fellow humans. It may be expected, therefore, that there will be an extensive overlap between terms for sin and terms expressing moral evil, whether the expression of this sin/evil be cultic or social. The origins for sin and evil in both Old and New Testaments are traced to the activities of an evil creature, Satan (1 John 3:8: "the devil has been sinning from the beginning" ) and to human sin that led to a fall (Rom 5:12-14) and banishment form Eden and the tree of life (Gen 3).
Cultic and Social Evil. In biblical theology, natural revelation ties humanity in general to a responsibility before God which, when ignored, leads to human relationships that are immoral (Rom 1:18-25). In both Testaments, proper worship and social ethics are subsumed in a common covenant that ties the people of God to him and to one another. Since what God ordains is good, what is ethical is not clearly differentiated from what is cultic. Both belong to that aspect of sin that sets itself against the divinely instituted order, whether social or cultic, and thus inexorable finds itself in incessant conflict with God. Like Gollum's ring in The Hobbit or the addict's first "fix, " evil does not always seem immediately repulsive, but may even be seen as attractive on superficial examination (Gen 3:6), while profoundly destructive at a deeper level (Isa 59:7).
Because what is right was what was ordained by God, and what is wrong was what was proscribed by him, deviation from this paradigm constitutes what is evil. The most common term for cultic evil in the Old Testament (used over 200 times) is awon [!A'[], "perversion, " possibly related to the verb awah [h"w'[], "to be bent, " "to twist." As such, it refers to what is theologically perverted in some way. Because of Israel's holistic modes of thought, the word may be used to describe: (1) the evil action itself (particularly when found in the plural, e.g., Neh 9:2; Job 13:23, 26; Psalm 130:3; Jer 5:25; 33:8; Ezek 36:33; 43:10; Lam 4:13; Dan 9:16); (2) the ensuing guilt (often in formulations such as "bear their guilt" [NRSV NIV, "held responsible"], Lev 5:17; 17:16); and (3) the punishment for the act (e.g., Gen 4:13; Job 19:29). It may be used to describe idolatry (Exod 20:5; Joshua 22:17; cf. Jer 11:10; Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7), trivializing the deity (2 Sa 3:13-14), apostasy (Jer 13:22), breach of the covenant (Jer 5:25), or other activities that would in some way demean God's character or name (1 Sam 3:13-14). It may refer to doing away with the fear of God (Job 15:4-5) or a lack of steadfastness toward him (Psalm 78:37-38) and it functions to alienate the individual from God (Lev 26:40; Isa 59:4). Prohibitions sometimes list words for "sin" together with awon [!A'[], emphasizing its theological coloring (e.g., Deut 19:15; Isa 1:4).
A frequently used word to convey the wrongness of idolatry is awen [w'a], denoting what is empty of any redeeming value. It may, therefore, denote "trouble, sorrow" as when the dying Rachel names her son Ben-oni, "son of my sorrow" (Gen 35:18). The word is often used along with "toil" or "labor, " and in such cases may designate the sin that brings the trouble (Psalm 7:14; Isa 10:1). It may also be used to emphasize the absence of any theological value to a religious exercise (Isa 1:13). Taking on the nuance of power used in a harmful manner, in Psalm 36:4 awen [w'a] may designate "deceit." When found in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs, the phrase "workers of awen [w'a]" may indicate those skilled in the black arts (Job 31:3; Psalm 5:6; 6:9; Prov 10:29; 21:15).
Other common words for evil include the nouns awel, awla, derived from a root meaning "to deviate." The two words have virtually no detectable difference in meaning and denote what is contrary to the character of God; thus they bring at their heels a divine response. They are used to describe what is not right (Lev 19:15,35) and dishonest business practices (Deut 25:14-16). Although Ezekiel generally seems to stress a need for cultic correctness, he uses awel to denote moral lapse, dishonesty (3:20; 18:24, 26; 33:18) such as taking usury and showing partiality in judgment (18:8), dishonest trade that desecrates the sanctuaries (28:18), and taking pledges for loans, stealing, and so on (33:15). Moreover, awel is sometimes found in one's hand (18:8). Both words are clearly seen as denoting actions by their frequent use as objects of verbs of doing. They are frequently seen as antonyms for words denoting justice, faithfulness, honesty, proper (just) administration, and rightness. They are frequently paired with synonyms with other words denoting persecution, wickedness, rebellion, violence, and evil.
Many Hebrew words are used for both cultic and social evil. For example, awon [!A'[] may also be used to describe social evil. In Genesis 44:16, the brothers use it to describe their abuse of Joseph. It is used frequently to describe unwholesome sexual activities (Lev 18:20), adultery (Num 5:15,31), and other civil or social perversions (1 Sam 20:1, 8; 2 Sam 3:8; Neh 4:5; Psalm 51:2). The words rasa [[;v'r], resa [[;v,r] are the most important antonyms for "what is right, just."
The words ra [[;r], roa, and raa [[;['r], "harmful, harm, " may be used in indicating something evil as bad, with ra [[;r] frequently appearing as the opposite of good. Sometimes its meaning is moral, sometimes cultic evil, but often both. Hosea's favorite word for evil is ra [[;r]. The evil man in Proverbs 11:21 will be punished, will be ensnared by the transgression of his lips (12:13), and has no future (24:20). Job complains that the evil man is spared in the day of calamity (21:30). In Jeremiah 2:33, Israel, the unfaithful wife of Yahweh, has so departed from his ways that she is able to teach her ways even to evil women. The men in 1 Samuel 30:22 termed evil are those who had pursued the Amalekites with David but who had selfishly decided that those left to guard the baggage should not share in the Amalekite spoil. In Genesis 13:13 the word describes the men of Sodom. In Psalm 140:2, evil things are devised in the hearts of violent men. The Revised Standard Version interprets ra [[;r] in Psalm 10:15 as the "evildoer."
In the New Testament the words poneros [ponhrov"] and kakos [kakov"] and their compounds and derivatives along with anomia [ajnomiva], "lawlessness, " have been used to denote what is bad or evil, and may either denote violations of social or cultic norms. The word kakos [kakov"], its compounds and derivatives, denoted what was "bad, " the opposite of good. In the Septuagint kakos [kakov"] most often denoted an evil that objectively hurt one's existence, which may have come as a judgment of God (Deut 31:17; Amos 3:6b). The word appears in the New Testament without the attendant problems of theodicy that appear in its Old Testament setting. As such the adjective kakos [kakov"] may characterize a morally bad slave (Matt 24:48), what is harmful (e.g., the tongue, James 3:8; cf. Rom 14:20), or, when used as a substantive, what is contrary to law (i.e., a sin, crime, John 18:23; Rom 7:21). Most of its occurrences in the New Testament are found in Paul's writings, where it can depict the evil one does unwillingly (Rom 7:15,17-20) and which becomes a law that rules him (7:21, 23) and which can only be overcome by the grace of God through Christ (7:25).
The compounds and derivatives of the word poneros [ponhrov"] are commonly used in the New Testament to express evil and personal guilt of a more profound sort, especially in the Gospels. For example, it is used to denote the general evil of humankind (Matt 7:11), the hardened Pharisees (Matt 12:34), and the Jews as the evil generation (Matt 12:39). In Matthew 7:17-18, an "evil" tree bears "evil" fruit, whereas in 7:11 poneros [ponhrov"] can designate the general evil nature of human beings. In Matthew 6:23/Luke 11:34 it designates an unseeing eye, whereas in 2 Timothy 4:18 it represents an action that is life-threatening. Used as a substantive, it can represent [an] evil person [s] (Matt 22:10) who will be judged in the final judgment (Matt 13:49-50). Anyone who decides against Jesus is evil (2 Thess 3:2; 2 Tim 3:13). Particularly when used with the definite article it may serve as a sobriquet for Satan (Matt 13:19; Mark 4:15; Luke 8:12).
Although its literal meaning is "lawlessness, " anomia [ajnomiva] was used in the Septuagint most frequently to translate awon [!A'[] (sixty times) and renders awen [/Lexicons/Hebrew/?id=0205w'a] and rasa [/Lexicons/Hebrew/?id=07561[;v'r] ("wickedness, guilt") twenty-five times each. In the New Testament it generally indicates "wickedness, " albeit often with an eschatological flavor (Matt 7:23; 2 Thess 2:7).
Physical Evil. The denominative Hebrew root r with its derivatives ra [/Lexicons/Hebrew/?id=07451[;r], roa, and raa [/Lexicons/Hebrew/?id=07489[;['r], is frequently used in the Old Testament to designate the physical aspect of the action, situation, or state as it appears to the one experiencing its effects.
What Is Harmful. This distinctive nuance of the root r may be clearly seen where one of the words listed above is used to designate something physically harmful and where no moral reference is clearly intended as primary. Examples of this are found in its use to describe poisonous herbs in Elisha's pot (2 Kings 4:41) and the bad water he heals (2 Kings 2:19). Closely allied to the latter are the "evil diseases" of Egypt (Deut 7:15) and the "evil diseases" of Ecclesiastes 6:2. Similarly seen as harmful are the deadly sword of Psalm 144:10 and God's arrows in Ezekiel 5:16. Dangerous animals capable of destroying human life are called "evil" (Gen 37:20,33). God will remove them from Canaan (Lev 26:6), but will send them again to destroy rebellious Jerusalem (Ezek 5:17; cf. also Eze 14:15), only to banish them again when Judah is restored from captivity (Eze 34:25). Edomites are chided for gloating over the disaster of the destruction of Jerusalem, called "his [Judah's] evil" (Obad 1:13).
What Is Subjectively Perceived. Jacob's assertion that "my years have been few and difficult [evil]" (Gen 47:9) may be interpreted as either subjective, wherein the "evil" indicates suffering, or objective, as a hyperbole of humility. However, in 1 Kings 22:8 and its parallel (2 Chron 18:12) the king of Israel (Ahab) answers Jehoshaphat of Judah, declaring that there is indeed a prophet of Yahweh about, adding peevishly, "But I hate him because he never prophesies anything good about me, but always bad [evil]." That neither moral nor objective evil is intended is clear when the prophecy unfolds as a prediction of Ahab's death. The prophecy is evil to Ahab, for whom it bodes personal harm and by whom it must be subjectively received. Ahab recognizes this, and confirms this as what he intended when he had predicted an evil prophecy (22:18).
Almost as obvious as the preceding is the phrase an "evil name" found frequently throughout the Old Testament to designate an unsavory reputation. For example, the husband's charge of nonvirginity in his bride "gives her a bad [evil] name" (Deut 22:14,19). Nehemiah denounces the hireling of Tobiah and Sanballat as one who wished to intimidate him and thus "give me a bad [evil] name" (Neh 6:13). The evil name does not indicate moral, objective evil (as, for instance, a blasphemous or lewd epithet or title), but a subjectively perceived harm. Similar is the "evil" report (NIV, "distressing words") of Exodus 33:4, in which Moses reports to the people God's displeasure at calf-worship. An objective moral evil would require a foul, malevolent report. Instead, it describes the evaluation of God's reaction to Israel's idolatry and his decision not to go with them any longer. Nor is Joseph's evil report of his brothers objective, moral evil (Gen 37:2), but a tale of their behavior that cast them in an unfavorable light. In Jeremiah 49:23, Hamath and Arpad hear evil tidings about the fall of Damascus—evil to them because Damascus was their ally and her fall portends their own fates.
The Teacher in Ecclesiastes calls the disappointing pursuit of wisdom a "heavy burden" (1:13) and repeats the words in 4:8 to describe the unfruitfulness of materialism. In 5:13 he calls selfishness a "grievous evil" (RSV). Finally, discipline is called evil in Proverbs 15:10 because it brings pain. A net is evil to the fish it catches (Eccel 9:12); misfortune is an evil to Solomon as its recipient (1 Kings 5:4; NIV "disaster" ).
To "be evil in someone's eyes, " or "to displease someone" can describe a woman slave who does not please her master (Exod 21:8) and Esau's Canaanite (Hittite) wives who displeased Isaac (Gen 28:8). In 1 Samuel 29:7, Achish warns David against displeasing the lords of the Philistines. God's mercy to Nineveh displeased Jonah (4:1) because it embarrassed him; he felt its effects in losing face.
Appearance is another way in which a subjective notion is expressed by the words in question. Ecclesiastes 7:3 speaks of an "evil of countenance" to indicate a sad expression, as the context demonstrates. The Persian king asks Nehemiah, "Why are your faces evil, when you are not sick?" (Ne 2:2), or, "Why does your face look so sad when you are not ill?" (NIV). Evil appearance denotes the poor quality of the cattle in Pharaoh's dream (Gen 41:3,4,19,20,21,27); land (Num 13:19); and a bargaining session (Prov 20:14; [twice] ). The figs in Jeremiah's vision were so "evil" they could not be eaten (24:2, 3, 8; 29:17; they were of such poor quality that they were already in a state of decomposition that rendered them inedible).
Prosperity and adversity are also seen in terms of good and evil. When the people say to Jeremiah, "Whether it is good or evil, we will obey the voice of the Lord our God" (42:6 RSV), they are really saying, "For success or failure, we will obey."
Evil as the Responsibility of God. While moral evil is never imputed to God, there is often a connection made between Yahweh and ra [[;r], roa, and raa [[;['r]. The classical reference, Isaiah 45:7, wherein God is called creator of evil would then refer to physical destruction, rather than moral evil, as the parallel term "maker of peace" would seem to render conclusive. God's judgments are not moral evil, else they would hardly be called judgments, but are physical, and called evil because of the adverse effects.
When God is pictured as "bringing evil, " it is nearly always an invasion of Judah by a foreign power as exemplified in Jeremiah 4:6, where the term clearly refers to the impending invasion of Judah by the Babylonians (similar are 1 Kings 9:9; 21:29; 2 Kings 21:12; 2 Chron 7:22; Jer 6:19; 19:3, 15; 36:31). Especially clear is Exodus 32:12a, which says, referring to the exodus from Egypt, "it was with evil intent that he [God] brought them [Israel] out." Isaiah 31:2 predicts the failure of the alliance between Judah and Egypt, proclaiming God as the one who is wise and "brings evil, " that is, brings defeat to his enemies. Similarly, am 3:6 asks, assuming a negative answer, if evil befalls a city, unless the Lord has done it. The meaning is clear. If a city is captured by an enemy, God has ordained it. In each of the preceding cases, the context verifies the interpretation as physical evil, in these cases as experienced subjectively by the victim of the military action. Lamentations 3:38 declares that it is the decree of God that brings good and evil.
The "Evil Day" may likewise be resolved as a day on which something harmful occurs rather than a day evil in and of itself. For example, Jeremiah 17:16-18 indicates that the "day of evil" (RSV) is a day on which Yahweh judges those who are his enemies, in this case, those who persecute the prophet. The "evil day" of am 6:3 refers to the fall of Samaria and destruction of Israel as a judgment by God (for similar language for Judah, see Jer 16:10). Similarly, the psalmist declares that God's chastening is designed to keep him from days of trouble (Psalm 94:13; 27:5; 49:5). In Ecclesiastes 12:1, however, the phrase "evil days" alludes simply to old age, as the context shows.
For God to speak evil concerning someone (1 Kings 22:23) may mean passing sentence on him. Similar is Naomi's complaint that God has brought evil upon her (Ruth 1:21). Yahweh "brings evil" upon Absalom by defeating the counsel of Ahithophel (2 Sam 17:14). The "evil" of which God repents in jon 3:9-10 is evil only to the Ninevites, for they would have felt its effects physically and subjectively. But objectively, the act would have been justice executed because of the immoral conduct of the Assyrians.
Saul's Evil Spirit. The evil spirit from Yahweh that plagued Saul (1 Sam 16:14-16, 23; 18:10; 19:9) may be considered as a spirit (disposition) sent by God that eventually destroyed Saul. The spirit, then, was God's instrument of judgment on Saul because of his rebellious attitude. Morally, the issue is justice, not evil. Similar is the evil spirit sent between Abimelech and the inhabitants of Shechem, which turns the Shechemites against him (Judges 9:23).
While the above cited evidence might lead one to conclude that all natural evil (disaster) is a judgment of God for some sort of evil committed by the afflicted party, the Bible will not bear this conclusion. Job and Ecclesiastes issue a sharp challenge to the doctrine of retribution in this life and John 9:1-3 repudiates it as a means of explaining all suffering.
Why Evil? The Bible does not answer the oft-posed problem of how a just, omnipotent, and loving God could permit evil to exist in a universe he had created. A detailed examination to this question lies outside the scope of this article. Some suggestions, however, that have been offered about moral evil are: (1) while God is perfect, creation is only pronounced "very good" (Gen 1:31); it is impossible for a created universe to rival God in perfection and the existence of moral evil is one example of its imperfection; (2) to compel all beings to act morally is to override their free will; likewise, to grant them free moral agency is to concede the possibility that someone at some time will act in an evil manner; and (3) God in his infinite wisdom created the best of all possible worlds; one can only consider that, were the world created any other way it would have been less than the best of all possibilities. The latter consideration also holds true as a possible explanation for natural evil.
William C. Williams
I think by now, if you are not seeing the correct usage and translation of this word and what it means in terms of God not being the author of evil (in the meaning of "unrighteousness") but rather being in complete and sovereign control over the univers (which He created) and thus being the author of misfortunes and troubles and calamities (but not from the standpoint of moral evil) -- if you do not see this by now [and you should have before] -- then you have bigger problems that what is here in this word and in this verse.
This man has preached more of the Gospel in more places than most who have lived since Apostolic times. FACT! Or is this anti-Catholic bigotry we're gettin' here.
The requirements have always been the same. Faith.
Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.
Ga 3:7 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.
Ga 3:8 And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed.
Ga 3:9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.
Ga 3:10
For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.
Ga 3:11
But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.
AMEN!! [Titus 3:4-7] But when the kindness and generous love of God our savior appeared, not because of any righteous deeds we had done but because of his mercy, he saved us through the bath of rebirth and renewal by the holy Spirit, whom he richly poured out on us through Jesus Christ our savior, so that we might be justified by his grace and become heirs in hope of eternal life.
And again...
[2 Tim 1:9] He saved us and called us to a holy life, not according to our works but according to his own design and the grace bestowed on us in Christ Jesus before time began,
and yet again...
[2 Cor 9:8] Moreover, God is able to make every grace abundant for you, so that in all things, always having all you need, you may have an abundance for every good work.
;>)
You'd probably be surprised at how much we actually DO agree upon.
As to specific examples, read the bible with the blinders off. Jesus told that one young man that in order to be saved he had to sell everything he had and "Come follow me". He doesn't tell everybody to do that. He had an enigmatic message for the woman at the well.
That's that. Unlike the rest of you I don't have an inside track to the Throne of God but I have faith as a grain of mustard seed. I think I'll just rest on the faith I do have and let God worry about the rest.
If that is the case, couldn't it be said that the Gospel has now been preached to all nations?
I've got a guess...
a. Woody Harrelson
b. Adam Corrola
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