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I agree with the comments recommending the shotgun, especially if you (through your hunting experience) are already proficient with it. If you still feel you have need of a pistol for personal defense for $300 then you might look at Ruger's 9mm. I have found them to be very affordable,durable and accurate.
While I cannot argue with the .40 or .45 fans, I concluded that the 9mm ammo is more affordable for me and therefore allows me to practice, practice, practice. No matter the caliber, if it does not hit the mark then you might as well be blowing on bagpipes.
When I tested for my CHL there were a couple of guys there with nice 1911's costing $800 or more who did not qualify simply because they hadn't practiced. I advocate buying a handgun just like you would a car. One suited to fit your particular needs, within your budget, which you can afford to drive (practice to master) and insure (keep practicing with). Also, for inside the house I highly recommend Glaser Safety Slugs. They won't travel through rooms (or loved ones in other rooms) like some bullets will.