No.
...or would you just feel the damage later?
Maybe. Depends on the degree. One can get microscope burns on the retina that "only" cause little blank spots in your visual field that your brain fills in and you'd likely never notice, An ophthalmologist would notice them in an exam.
More aggressive damage hurts later and can cause larger vision degrading retina burns.
Really really bad exposure, well, you'd know instantly...
An infrared laser - if it were powerful enough - could deproteinize the cornea and the aqueous and vitreous humors. That's because water absorbs (is opaque to) infrared light.
Retinal laser surgery (involving photocoagulation) is performed using argon lasers IN THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM (and near ultraviolet).
Regards,