The best explanation of how Hamas did what it did on October 7, 2023 is (1) Biden’s energy policy which increased the price of oil and (2) Biden’s Iran Policy which made the number one Terrorist State rich again.
That's a good explanation of why Hamas did what they did.
Based on my experience with the Israelis and the IDF, I think the dynamic I have observed explains, at least in part, how Hamas got away with it.
The older generation in Israel has war fatigue from the insanity that they have witnessed over the last 80 years and the younger generation has no sense of history and craves the normalcy of modern care free western life.
The Israeli Left craves what the Left craves everywhere - the deconstruction and demolition of their society and culture to build their utopia with no idea or plan of what to replace it with.