No - but your are suffering from a fundamental misunderstanding.
A projectile attaining an altitude of, say, 400 km (which is officially in "Outer Space") does not mean that that projectile can stay up there.
In the case of these sub-orbital trajectories, the projectile (missile) never attains anywhere near orbital velocity.
Thus, it - and whatever fragments are created when the Israeli anti-missile missile destroys it - immediately fall back to Earth.
In order to pose a significant risk to satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), this debris would have to likewise "linger" in LEO for quite a while.
After many months or even years, orbital fragments might stand a chance of impacting a third-party satellite.
In actual fact, though the Israelis have been understandably coy about stating at exactly what altitude the incoming enemy missile was destroyed, it was probably near its end phase, and had already entered a layer of Earth's atmosphere so dense that satellites could never be there.
Regards,
“it was probably near its end phase,”
Absolutely since it was launched from Yemen and intercepted over Israel.