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Just want to throw this out there: I see a lot of people sneering about the technical diving etc they seem to think would be necessary for having blown up those pipelines, then making inferences based upon what they perceive to be difficulty of doing so.

I work for a US based private non-profit company with about 40 employees. (Nothing sinister- we're ultimately in the agriculture sector; I just don't want to state too many details to protect my own privacy). We have an ROV that could've done the job easily enough, and have had it for at least 10 years. We let people use it after all of about 8 hours of training.

My run of the mill, outdated $400 Garmin sonar system on my 18 ft skiff can track 1.5" lines down the bottom in deeper water than the sabotaged section of pipeline is in (I know because I've done it before to find anchors on the bottom, which are, again, smaller than the pipelines in question).

Locating and placing explosives on pipelines like this does not require the resources of a state actor.

I'm not endorsing any particular theory about what happened. I just want to point out that a lot, if not most, people seem to think this was harder than it really was. I don't know about acquiring or smuggling explosives in Europe, but outside of that, a small group of people (less than a dozen) with a budget of a couple hundred thousand dollars or less could've done this with publicly available technology at least a decade ago...