No, no such power is given to Congress.
Under the US Constitution, there are substantive rights and due process rights. In order to be denied one’s substantive rights, one is entitled to due process. To be disqualified under the 14th, there is an implied and inherent right to due process.
Impeachment could be one such process and may be the only process that Congress has available. The charges of “aiding or comforting the enemy” would have to be specifically mentioned in the articles of impeachment and the “enemy” would have to be defined. A defendant has a right to know the charges against him and all penalties that may be imposed on him so he can defend himself, including exerting all his other constitutional rights (confronting his accusers). None of this was even done at the Jan 6 entirely partisan Kangaroo Court. It makes 3rd world justice look advanced. Since Trump is out of office, impeachment option is not available. For elected people who are sworn to uphold the Constitution - to suggest this should be a reason to disqualify Trump now, they in fact disqualified themselves by denying Trump his constitutional rights - they are disqualifiied for failure to uphold the Constitution. Now how does one get them removed? Not so easy is it.
If your (R_Kangel’s) very broad reading were true, and leaving aside any discussion of its collision with the 1st Amendment, then all elected demonkkraps who merely voiced support and encouragement for the neo-Marxist should be disqualified. The demonkkraps have a century plus of aiding and comforting communists beyind mere speech - they were never disqualified. Raskin is an idiot, a political hack of the first degree, a conspiracy theory kool-aid drinker who can’t control his emotions. Demonkkraps need to fill the airwaves with this to keep people from taalking about the accumulating disasters and violations of citizens rights that are happening in real time in this country.