1850.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California
“Interim government: 1846–1850
From mid-1846 to December, 1849, California was run by the U.S. military; local government continued to be run by alcaldes (mayors) in most places, but now some were Americans. Bennett C. Riley, the last military governor, called a constitutional convention to meet in Monterey in September 1849. Its 48 delegates were mostly pre-1846 American settlers; eight were Californians. They unanimously outlawed slavery and set up a state government that operated for nearly 8 months before California was given official statehood by Congress on September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850.[62]
After Monterey, the state capital was variously San Jose (1850–1851), Vallejo (1852–1853) and Benicia (1853–1854), until Sacramento was finally selected in 1854.
Early separatist movements
Californians (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery Southerners in lightly-populated rural areas of Southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California. The last attempt, the Pico Act of 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature, signed by the state governor, approved overwhelmingly by voters in the proposed “Territory of Colorado” and sent to Washington, D.C., with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham. The secession crisis in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote.[63][64]
…
California Genocide (1846–1871)
The California genocide consisted of actions taken by the United States in the 19th century, following the American Conquest of California from Mexico, that resulted in the dramatic decrease of the indigenous population of California. Between 1849 and 1870 it is estimated that American colonists murdered some 9,500 California Natives, and acts of enslavement, kidnapping, rape, child separation and displacement were widespread, encouraged, carried out by and tolerated by state authorities and militias.
Mariposa War (1850–1851)
The gold rush increased pressure on the Native Americans of California, because miners forced Native Americans off their gold-rich lands. Many were pressed into service in the mines; others had their villages raided by the army and volunteer militia. Some Native American tribes fought back, beginning with the Ahwahnechees and the Chowchilla in the Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Valley leading a raid on the Fresno River post of James D. Savage, in December 1850. In retaliation Mariposa County Sheriff James Burney led local militia in an indecisive clash with the natives on January 11, 1851 on a mountainside near present-day Oakhurst, California.
Mendocino War (1859–1860)
Following the Round Valley Settler Massacres from 1856–1859, the Mendocino War was the genocide of the Yuki (mainly Yuki tribes) between July 1859 to January 18, 1860 by white settlers in Mendocino County, California. It was caused by settler intrusion and slave raids on native lands and subsequent native retaliation, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of natives. In 1859, a band of locally sponsored rangers led by Walter S. Jarboe, called the Eel River Rangers, raided the countryside in an effort to remove natives from settler territory and move them onto the Nome Cult Farm, an area near the Mendocino Indian Reservation. The genocide killed at least 283 Indian men and countless women and children in 23 engagements over the course of six months. They were reimbursed by the U.S. government for their campaign.”
Pre-admission government outlawed slavery. Attempt to introduce slavery in Southern California died when the U.S. Civil War broke out.
So blacks were never legally slaves in California and the institution was never officially established. (This is not to say they were not mistreated or discriminated against.)
On the other hand, it appears there was an active campaign to kill Native Americans/Indians conducted by the state of California (or its deputized representatives). Any discussion of reparations for them or their descendants?
Although bad enough..aint nothing compared to what Spain did all through south and central America and southwest USA.
Some interesting California history, Jim
Mentions Fresno, and some other Central Valley areas, plus the Eel River, upon which I owned some river front property some years ago.
Mentioned Mendocino area, south of the Lost Coast where you and I spent some time (at separate times) in the past; Usal etc.
Beautiful areas of California.
It seems if any group should have reparations it would be the Native Americans .