There will always be “unexpected” weather. While we know more about weather now, our understanding of all the variables that impact weather is wafer thin. Despite our technology, even the best forecaster will miss something, and we will get slammed when we least expect it.
Don’t get me started on the lack of understanding about climate.
Maybe that's true for people immersed in a giant system like the Navy, but many people have learned to look at forecasts and observe what is happening around them enough to avoid disasters like losing a fighter jet worth 10s of millions of dollars.
For example, pilots of small aircraft, helicopters, and all kinds of similar vehicles manage to make hundreds of thousands of flights without getting trapped by "unexpected" weather. Even in cases where the pilots get into trouble, or even get themselves killed, the weather is rarely "unexpected". When you read the NTSB reports the pilots knew about the weather, but chose to continue on into it, or flew into conditions they were not prepared for.
Any storm strong enough to cause issues for an aircraft carrier was definitely visible on radar before it arrived. It would only be "unexpected" if someone was not paying attention.
Here is publicly available radar imagery for Europe and the Mediterranean.
Would it be too hard for somebody on the ship to take a look at Accuweather?