How do you explain Article 1, Section 8, of the United States Constitution & American Letter of Marque, 1812, issued by James Madison, {4th POTUS} / carried by Captain Millin of the American privateer Prince of Neufchatel during the War of 1812. " I {James Madison} have Commissioned, and by these presents do commission, the private armed Brig called the Prince Neufchatel of the burden of three hundred & Nineteen tons, or thereabouts, owned by John Ordronaux & Peter E. Trevall of the City & State of New York and Joseph Beylle of Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania Mounting eighteen carriage guns, and navigated by one hundred & twenty nine men, hereby authorizing Nicholas Millin captain, and William Stetson lieutenant of the said Brig and the other officers and crew thereof, to subdue, seize, and take any armed or unarmed British vessel, public or private, which shall be found within the jurisdictional limits of the United States, or elsewhere on the high seas, or within the waters of the British dominions, and such captured vessel, with her apparel, guns, and appertenances, and the goods or effects which shall be found on board the same, together with all the british persons and others who shall be found acting on board, to bring within some port of the United States; and also to retake any vessel, goods, and effects of the people of the United States, which may have been captured by any British armed vessel, in order that proceedings may be had concerning such capture or recapture in due form of law, and as to right and justice shall appertain. " This letter {of Marque} is archived in the Public Record Office in Richmond, Surrey in the UK (High Court of Admiralty HCA 32/1342.)
How about the Puckle gun A manually-operated flintlock revolver patented in 1718, a.k.a. the first named "MACHINE GUN.". What about Pepperbox Revolver(s) were around hundreds of years before the 2nd Amendment. Belton Flintlock (Was offered for sale to the congress of 1776,) Girandom Air Rifle {Not a Musket, but a rifle.} {Known as the "Wind Rifle" in Austria 1780's.} @ 40:07 of the video. Could shoot 20 rounds in less than 30 seconds. Also used during the Napoleonic war's. POTUS Jefferson (the third POTUS from 1801 to 1809,) outfitted {led by Capt. Meriwether} Lewis & {Lieut. William} Clark Expedition with this gun, to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest.
The Kalthoff repeater was a type of repeating firearm that was designed by members of the Kalthoff family around 1630, and became the first repeating firearm to be brought into military service.
Cookson Volitional Flintlock Repeater, first made in 1750 in the UK (41 years before the Second Amendment was ratified). The Victoria & Albert Museum in London has a Cookson Gun, dating to 1690.
The Cookson apparently used the Lorenzoni System (first developed in 1680 — 111 years before the Second Amendment was ratified) as its internal mechanism. As with the Kalthoff, the Cookson appears to have been expensive to build and operate, hence it was relegated to a historical footnote instead of taking the world by storm.
While the Founders had heard of the concept of multiple-shot firearms, it wasn't until the idea of interchangeable parts came about as a practical form of technology — in the 1820s — that they became a real possibility.
Lorenzoni repeater: Since a firearm is useless unless it is loaded, gunsmiths were trying to reduce the reloading time as much as possible. One of these inventions was the Lorenzoni repeater. The Lorenzoni repeating system was invented by a gunsmith named Michele Lorenzoni from Florence, Italy around 1660 or so. He used it for both muskets as well as pistols.
I could go on, (naming other weapons) but you get the drift. If You don't use it, (real history) you lose it.
We need letters of marque and reprisal against criminals.
CC