The "carbon tax" would be a tax on producers of energy, and therefore a consumption tax that is going to be paid by the consumer, not the producers of energy. The very basis of wealth in this world is the conversion of stored forms of energy into useful work for individual people, substituting this energy for manual work or the use of slaves or beasts to toil for support of civilization. The availability of energy is a necessary perquisite, and the less expensive, the better. Taxing something does not make it less expensive.
All levels of civilized society above the level of tribes or clans rely on the division of labor and the exchange of produced goods in trade to maintain the benefits of organized exercise of allocation and distribution to individuals living in larger and larger groups. Interrupt this division of labor, or the free exchange of goods and services for some short-term objective unrelated to market forces, and the façade of prosperity quickly fades.