“and thereby caused a dust bowl.”
The dust bowl was a physical phenomenon, not a financial one. Topsoil dried up and blew away. Actual physical dirt, not some financial fiction. This happened because some genius came up with a way of preparing the soil for winter, which was supposed to hold the moisture from winter precipitation.
Instead, together with reduced precipitation, it prepared the soil to blow away with any slight wind.
But maybe you didn’t mean to say that tariffs caused dust storms.
I notice you offer no explanation for the Great Depression.
As to the dust bowl, yes, a contributing factor to the dustbowl was the extraordinarily high temperatures of the mid 1930s before those temperatures were “corrected” by NASA/NOAA.
Some guy compares the previously published temperature records to the “corrected” numbers in a gif shown at the link.
The fall in exports following Smoot-Hawley occurred during 1930-1932.
Temperatures rose during the same period, and remained extraordinarily high for several years. 1936 (well into the Great Depression) was the worst year of the heat wave.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_North_American_heat_wave
The loss of export markets and the heat wave were a double whammy hitting the farmers of the country. But, the fall in farm income coincided with the fall in exports. Farm income actually stared recovering by 1934.
https://growinganation.org/content/show-content/from_defeat_to_victory/
By the mid 1930s the worst of the heat wave was upon us. It was like the second of a one-two punch combination.