> and why is Africa still in the Stone age? <
Much of the problem is due to national boundaries. Those boundaries were drawn by the Europeans. There was no concern for tribal boundaries. Different tribes were thrown together in the same nation.
Consider this. Suppose that back in 1900 some great power had formed a country in eastern Europe. And suppose that this country was 1/3 Russian, 1/3 Polish, and 1/3 Prussian. That country would be a mess. A total, ongoing mess.
That’s exactly what happened in Africa.
You nailed it...
good point @ post 8
Tribalism is a nation killer.
Consider this. Suppose that back in 1900 some great power had formed a country in eastern Europe. And suppose that this country was 1/3 Russian, 1/3 Polish, and 1/3 Prussian. That country would be a mess. A total, ongoing mess.
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And then overseen by the French.