With VOIP (Voice over Internet), it's almost impossible to detect the origin of calls. A number of our friends with family in Europe have bought VOIP phones locally, with local phone numbers, then brought them as gifts to overseas family. Plug the VOIP line into your Internet modem, and the phone works just fine. Dial a local number in Florida, and the phone at your cousin's house in France rings.
Even knowing the IP address of the calling VOIP phone doesn't help, thanks to Virtual Private Networks (VPN). If you were to trace the IP address on this message, you would see that I am somewhere in Oregon (I think that's where my VPN software logged me in today). In fact, I'm in another state at least 700 miles away from there. And tomorrow, I may get logged in to a VPN server in Nevada or Arizona, or even British Columbia.
re: catching the robocall phone scammers...
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It is just a matter of wanting to do it badly enough.
If someone was using voip and vpn or whatever
to call Nancy Pelosi and making death threats,
do you think they would get away with it?