Illegal Invaders are not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, they are Trespassers who purposely violate our Laws.
I would think that Resident Aliens with Green Cards would be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States since they are allowed to live here with the approval of the Federal Government.
Green Card holders would not be included either. Why? Because they are not fully and only subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. They are still under the jurisdiction of their original/native country.
If the 14th applied to Green Card holders, who are here lawfully, the 14th would also apply to ambassadors (for example), as they too are here lawfully.
Original Intent.
We must look to the framers, and what they actually said, for what they meant by the words they used in the amendment. Not what someone thinks they meant 100 years later.
Their words, and their intent is fully documented.
Embassy employees are here legally with the approval of our Government too. As are military here for training. I don't think any of this is clear, an excellent reason for legislation. I would agree that green card holders, their children should be eligible for citizenship with certain conditions. Like their parents become citizens, or they meet the requirements a green card holder would to apply for citizenship. Not automatically at birth.