There was a single MD and a handful of nurses to cover the hospital. My Dad and the MD had a gentleman's agreement to handle each other's patients for the rare time they would take vacation or be out of town.
Anyone who needed care (including the animals) got it whether they could afford it or not or had insurance or not. What they couldn't pay in cash, they made arrangments to make payments for the balance. Some of the payment might include produce, mechanical services or whatever it was either doctor could use. My Mom and the MD's wife kept their respective books.
This was the late 1950s . . . not that long ago.
And it worked.
Sounds like it was a good place to grow up; I have a vet now that I would certainly prefer to have as my personal doctor, he keeps telling me it’s illegal for him to treat humans.
Best damn doctor I have ever dealt with since I was 17 years old.
I’m 68 now.