Ive always been taught in various CCW or tactical classes that you CANT employ deadly force against a thief who is moving away.
Now, if youre standing in front of the car while hes driving off in it, you may have other options.
It varies state to state. In Texas you can use deadly force to protect property as well. At least that was the case as of a few years back. I am not aware of any change on that count.