I don’t know if it’s the same in California, but out east, Utility companies have to get approval from the Public Utility Commission to raise rates.
http://www.record-bee.com/article/NQ/20170317/NEWS/170319846
Quotes: Local residential electricity users, already reeling from steep rate hikes in 2016, face a new round of rate increases from Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), starting with their April bills.
Clearlake Park resident Ben Weiss has an all-electric house and said he watched his electric bill skyrocket from $220 in December 2016 to $402 this January, nearly double, with no increase in usage.
Granted, this is a specialized case of an all-electric house, but the impact on all PG&E customers has been substantial.
Generally, utility companies need approval for both increases and decreases in rates.