[cloudmountain]

More than a century, really. Perhaps several centuries to create, starting in 1513, approximately, with the first new immigrants from Istanbul, one of whom would codify Jewish Law, and one of whom would systematize the Kaballah, both founding schools in Tzfat. Others would plant orchards in the Galilee.

The Arabs in Israel wash the toilets and do other work like that. Saw it with my own peepers. The "middle men" are Palestinian Arab Catholics. It took me a while to get THAT moniker through my brain.
But, a 10-day trip through the HOLY LAND isn't really enough to know/see more than tidbits of the culture.

[Eleutheria5]

The Arab Muslims dominate construction crews. The boss man is Jewish, and he gets the crew together and gets them into the gate of the Jewish settlement, gets the jobs, and makes sure he and everyone gets paid. But the guys on the scaffolding and the machinery are Arabs.

[Vigilanteman]

Years ago, on a business trip to Saudi Arabia, I made friends with one of the few Saudis in our counterpart company there who actually did engineering work.

He told me this joke: the difference between a rich Saudi and a poor Saudi is that the rich one has a house boy from Thailand. The poor Saudi has to settle for a Pallie.