Catalonia. There is a Muslim connection behind it all.
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3393/catalonia-islamic-republic
All of these upheavals have a Green/Red connection and is/will be playing out. Putin and Iran are working hand in hand to spread mayhem across countries with Islam and Communism. This includes the US where the Communist party is now an in your face party openly displaying its attempt to take over America and its players, example; McCain being turned while lounging in hotel accommodations in North Vietnam, Hillary Clinton selling Uranium to Russia.
Check the religion demographics of Catalonia. Muslims, as per 2014 account for only 7% of Catalonia’s population. Those professing agnosticism or atheism each account for a greater segment of the population. Combined these two segments total a bit more than 30%. One can guess that forms the socialist core element. Catholics remain in the majority.
Granted that 7% muslim is 8% too much, the adult voting population is a fraction of that 7%, so more likely less of a factor in the move to independence than other groups by a significant margin.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Catalonia