The things that China conquered are mostly now... China.
“The things that China conquered are mostly now... China.”
Tibet and East Turkestan are modern exceptions, but generally it’s the opposite.
The places that conquered China became China and Chinese.
Qing Dynasty and Manchu rule is the most recent example.
Chinese would get conquered by outsiders, but would absorb the outsiders in to Han culture.
China dominated the Vietnamese for a thousand years and the Vietnamese culture became Chines with some stubborn Viet underpinnings. The Vietnamese became culturally Chinese but never politically Chinese. The Chinese satraps became Vietnamese and the Viets finally separated themselves permanently from China a thousand years ago. Viet Nam’s Communists turned the people loose to act on their natural capitalist instincts specifically because the commissars realized that if the country stayed poor it would become a province of China. They were perceptive enough to understand that socialism cannot bring prosperity or an economy and cannot support forces able to keep China at bay.