Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence was, as I recall, a bloodbath for Caucasian farmers who had been on their deeded land for 40-50 years. They were prosperous and hard working; Robert Mugabe took back many of those farms with no compensation other than their lives.
A really great read is Alexandra Fuller’s, “Don’t Let’s go to the Dogs Tonight.” Her parents were white farmers & she grew up around it all. It was exhausting just reading how hard her parents worked and struggled just to survive.
Just a really great read & very informative.
IIRC, there was independence from Britain first (in the 1970s) when a white Rhodesian government didn’t want to turn over the country to blacks (and few countries recognized the new white government), then the creation of Zimbabwe in 1980 (which was the internationally recognized black country today).
Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia as white-ruled countries were doomed when Portugal left Angola/Mozambique; two borders which had been secured by a similar ally were now used to transfer weapons from newly-independent black governments to black insurgents in Rhodesia.