“One downside, he noted, is that lasers take a lot of energy and have difficulty penetrating haze, dust, smoke and materials with anti-laser coatings.”
Not saying they won’t work at all but if I was Russian scientists, I would be spending time looking for ways to generate the right kind of smoke to use in the battle field to thwart laser weapons.
I never went to combat, but I've fired a heck of a lot of tank rounds. Every single time that tank fires, the gunner uses his range finder...and I mean EVERY single time. The gunner lases, and the commander sees that the range has gone from all zeros to some value...meaning it has attained a ballistic solution. Only after seeing a good range does the commander order 'fire'. I was the commander - if the gunner did not get a good range, I would shout 're-lase'. I can count on one hand the number of times I had to do this.
Keep in mind these were relatively low powered LASERs, and used as a range finder, it relied on not only the LASER arriving on target, but also the LASER bouncing back. If that worked 99% of the time without issue, I'm pretty sure the statement about a high powered LASER not penetrating dust and smoke is a mis-direction. Looked at another way, if somebody were pointing a high powered LASER at you, would you count on dust and smoke stopping it?