[Telepathic Intruder]

In science nothing really progresses beyond a theory, even something as basic as gravity. Some think they become "laws", but laws are just mathematical relationships that themselves aren't really proven. A theory contains laws but theories don't become laws.

We're reasonably certain that the universe is expanding, and predictions generally match what we see today, but no one knows how the universe originally started. There are competing alternative theories to the standard model, such as the Brane concept, but we don't have the physics or the observational data to say what really happened at "the beginning". It's anyone's guess, basically.

[Hugh the Scot]

It must be an agonizing burden to operate under the assumption that such basic tenets of science are unfamiliar to anyone who may disagree with you.

" we don't have the physics or the observational data to say what really happened at "the beginning".

Seriously, you must be exhausted. :-)
-Hugh

[HLPhat]

>>In science nothing really progresses beyond a theory,

Got Practical Application?

Observe the self-evident application of math associated with QED etc that’s engineered into the various processes involved in storing and transmitting bits of information - culminating with the photons that are streaming off the screen and into your eyeballs, right now!