I lived in France for a year as an exchange student. While many restaurants and cafés had those hole-in-the-floor "toilets", houses and schools had real bathrooms. Actually, the bathroom is exactly that: the room where the bath is. There is a separate room for the toilet.
In Spain (where I lived for 3 years), the toilet is in the bathroom like it is in the US. They also had those holes in the floor in some restaurants and bars.
Pretty similar in most places in Italy, i.e. bath rooms had baths not necessarily toilets in Sam room.