I studied India’s defense establishment in the hopes of convincing my company at the time of entering the fray there. What stood out much more than the problems the author talks about is there cause. Corruption at astonishing levels. Everybody at every level has their hand out. Programs and decisions take decades because you have to locate and pay off the holdup and that holdup occurs from the top to the bottom.
India has made some inroads fighting corruption, but I’ll wager they were all made in the uniformed military which is only a tiny portion of the problem.