As a soldier of the US Army, yes. When I was in Germany as a citizen, no.
For example, I US soldier who uses the services of a prostitute, is still charged under the laws of the US. A citizen who does likewise while they may break a US law, is not breaking the laws in Germany is not then prosecuted.
However, there is a growing assertion by the Obama administration that any US citizen is always subject to the laws of the US, regardless of location. However, that is a separate discussion.
Can you vote in a German election or can you vote as a US citizen when overseas in Germany?
Are you required to file a tax report by the US government when overseas as a US citizen?