I don't think there is a single place in the Hebrew Bible where God (i.e., the One True God) is referred to as "ba'al." On the other hand, there is much evidence that Canaanites were worshiping gods called "Ba'al" long before Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan.
The Ten Commandments include "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" as if the other gods exist, but Yahweh must be honored and worshipped above the others.
Carthage was a colony of the Phoenician city Tyre--a lot of Carthaginian personal names have the element -bal in them (Hannibal, Hasdrubal, etc.), which is the same as the Hebrew Ba'al.