“As a matter of historical tradition, the words ‘under God’ can no more be expunged from the national consciousness than the words ‘In God We Trust’ from every coin in the land, than the words ‘so help me God’ from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since 1787,” the judge wrote in his decision.
Bauman added, “The Pledge of Allegiance, in this historical context, is not to be viewed, and has never been viewed, as a religious exercise.”
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