It is this layman’s opinion that “time” and natural selection do not explain the current state.
Simply take any complex creature having: a brain, heart, lungs, waste/circulatory/nervous systems, eyes, ears, nose, and a skeletal structure. Then extrapolate backwards to a mass of simple, single-celled organisms.
Ah! One of the simple organisms mutates! The very first cell towards an eventual eyeball. Another mutates! And the first step towards a heart begins.
And yet, we know that neither of the above mutations is in any way helpful to the organism; the extra “eyeball” cell doesn’t help the cell to “see”, the extra “heart” cell doesn’t provide for better circulation - because there isn’t any circulation.
Take every system in our body; without a functioning system to begin with, mutations have nothing to aid.
Am I missing something? Please explain to me how ‘mutations + time’ give us a new bodily system/function.
Having a cell that senses the direction from which light is coming would certainly give the organism an advantage. It’s basically simple, mutations which benefit survival are are retained. Take a fish that has leg like fins and a proto lung can get away from predators limited to the water.