Like the Western Powers at Versailles in 1919, the NATO countries thought they could write the next century's history and greatly overreached, forgetting that the fortunes of both sides are transient. NATO shifted from a defensive alliance united against Soviet invasion to an offensive bloc intent on dominating its vanquished former enemy. NATO's rapid expansion to Russia's borders has alarmed Moscow, and is arousing old tensions. It seems that only the losers learn from history.