Muslims simply expropriated the knowledge of conquered Greek/Byzantine lands, and put it at the service of an emperor. If a so-called "Islamic" society ever does rise to prominence again, it will again be by putting conquered dhimmis in the service of the state for specific projects. Beyond this though, society will be an absolute dark-ages.
There’s this saying by an Arab philosopher:
Persia thrived for 1000 years without the Arabs, but the Arabs cannot live a day without the Persians.