I’ve read editorials which describe it as some Orthodox misunderstanding the mandates to study Torah to mean you can do it to the exclusion of working and supporting your family, as well as some using it as an excuse to avoid military service and live off the state.
Israel cannot afford to have a growing chunk of the male population sitting on its butts, refusing to defend the nation or support the tax base.
Somehow, I don't think this could have been their lifestyle 200 years ago. Before the mid-20th Century, everybody's situation, of whatever religion, was "work or starve" (unless you had inherited a lot of assets).