An external device does exist. I don’t know the proper name for it. Had one on me during an angiogram at VA hospital. It looks like a condom with a tube coming out the end.
Condom catheter. It only works if you can urinate, but if you are sedated, and unable to urinate you need a foley.
I know the kind you are talking about - like a condom connected to a tube:
I asked for the use of such a device during one hospital stay in 2007 and they refused, saying it was hospital policy not to use them, they didn’t trust them to remain secure (I think they didn’t trust patients to not remove them, which rarely any male patient is going to do with a catheter that is inserted into the penis)