The .357 was never a military round. It is quite powerful when fired from a single shot rifle of a model 92 lever action. I have had both and they are excellent in .357 mag.
The standard military rounds such as .45 auto, 9mm, 32 auto, .380 British revolver round, 30 Tokarev, 9mm Makarov are none even in the same ball park as the .30 Carbine.
The 8mm Kurz, the 5.56 and the AK round are in the same class as the .30 carbine.
I’ve always just said in times of war, companies will call it whatever the government says it want. The US Army wanted a carbine to fight in the cities of Europe, the .30 cal is a carbine.
The Germans did the same thing. The SturmGewehr (getting back on topic) is hardly a machine pistol but that’s what Hitler wanted and the MP44 was born.
I’ve been drooling over the Henry lever-action .357 mag. I would still take an AK47/74 over anything less than .308 or 54R.