***No the M1 Carbine does not fire a pistol cartridge.***
I read, years ago, that the M-1 Carbine was really a rimless a .32/20 pistol round.
I had a Ruger pistol in .30 carbine. It did make a flash, and LOUD! I noticed real quick that you had to feel the cartridge base when you placed it in the cylinder as some were made just a hair too long and would cause the cylinder to bind up.
When Winchester made THEIR VERSION of the 5.56 MM rifle for tests, it looked just like an M-1 carbine. It was rejected.
“I read, years ago, that the M-1 Carbine was really a rimless a .32/20 pistol round.”
IIRC it was a derivative of the 32 Winchester Self-loading rifle round.
Probably more than anyone wants to know about cartridges, with pictures of nearly everything.