I believe so, which makes civil disobedience much easier and widespread. The word will get out on how to play the whole thing before long. What do you think the average Joe when it comes time to pay the credit card bills, groceries, mortgage, car payment and he gets some crap in the mail urging him to sign up for an exchange and pay $1500 a month?
And if you play the withholding calculation just right, you can arrange for a nearly $0 refund.