There is one episode of the New Generation where Dr. Crusher uses the transporter to cancel the effects of some sort of subspace illness that causes its victims to age quickly.
That's all I remember.
Star Trek started getting too silly near the end with all of the deus ex machina that were laying about to solve all of the problems in an instant: replicators, transporters, tachyon beams. Star Trek Voyager was especially keen on using tachyons to reverse time in order to cancel the effects of a disaster and get them out of impossible situations.
Curing all diseases by transporting a person with all of his parts but just minus the disease (e.g. cancer cells, etc.) would eliminate all of the drama.
That's the main reason I gave up on ST:V early in it's run.
The overly-PC crew? Fine, whatever, this is Roddenberryverse, so it's par for the course.
Janeway summoning all of her indignation to produce... a bleat? Whatever.
Resolving the crisis of the week with "temporal anomalies" two ****ing weeks in a row??? Now you're just insulting me.